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Part of ammonium ions in blackwater oxidises as nitrate ions that travel to the aquifer. Upon mixing and dilution, the nitrate concentration in 1 km2 of hard rock aquifer would annually increase by 0.004 mg/L due to blackwater infiltration from single household pour flush toilet.The existing literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to investigate the spatial attribute of the "pollution halo" effect or to integrate the "pollution haven" effect. This paper extends the EKC model to the spatial Durbin model by exploring the spatial spillover of disembodied technology and the pollution transfer effect of environmental regulation. Taking Chinese agricultural foreign trade as an example, our paper finds that the technology spillover does not bring a pollution halo effect to local areas but to adjacent areas. The pollution haven effect impacts the EKC's turning point, which can be divided into two curves in the spatial dimension an inverted U-shaped curve, in which the turning point represents the effect of technological innovation, and a U-shaped curve, in which the turning point represents the transfer effect of pollution-intensive industries. Based on the conclusion, this paper recommends that agricultural non-point pollution reduction should be nationally coordinated to establish transport infrastructure and the agricultural human capital conditions for the spatial diffusion of disembodied technology.Proper evaluation of water quality is pertinent to estuarine habitat restoration. Identifying the degrading factors of the water environment and predicting the trend of eutrophication are key to restore the habitat. Through trophic level index (TLI), water quality index (WQI), modified Nemerow pollution index (NPI), and the Random Forest (RF) model, water samples collected from various estuaries of Taihu Lake from 2017 to 2019 were evaluated. To predict the water quality development, four scenarios were set viz. S1 add or remove an ecological buffer, S2 increase or reduce the external nutrients, S3 open or close the dam/gate, and S4 increase or decrease the internal release. In Wuli Lake, the nutrient concentrations in the river regions were higher than in the lake regions, while a contrary trend was observed in Gonghu Bay. The estuarine water quality in the dry season (WQI = 40.91, NPI = 1.73) was merely worse than that in the wet season (WQI = 47.27, NPI = 1.67). On the other hand, the eutrophic status in the wet season (TLIWet = 57.93) was worse than that in the dry season (TLIDry = 57.23). The estuarine water quality of Taihu Lake has improved from 2017 to 2019 but still belongs to medium level. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that dam construction, land use types, unstable hydrodynamic conditions, and trumpet-shaped estuary were the main factors that aggravated the water quality degradation. The RF model has strong forecasting capabilities for estuarine water quality. When the estuaries are close to residential and industrial districts, controlling the surface runoff and improving sewage treatment efficiency are the most effective measures to improve the water quality. In the estuaries, the sediments are usually disturbed by the wind-waves. Conclusively, reducing sediment disturbance and internal contamination accumulation via biological and engineering measures is the key to estuarine restoration.Controlled release fertilizer (CRF) has been shown to increase crop yield and N use efficiency (NUE) compared with traditional chemical fertilizer (TF). However, few studies examined the effects of CRF on CH4, N2O, and NO emissions simultaneously in alkaline paddy fields under rice-wheat rotation. In the present study, we conducted a 2-year field experiment to compare the effects of different CRF application strategies on these gas emissions with those of TF and explored the effects of CRF on global warming potential (GWP), crop yields, and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI). Results showed that CRF can reduce 0.98-14.3%, 13.3-21.1%, and 8.22-16.3% of CH4, N2O, and NO emissions, respectively, in the studied alkaline paddy field. CRF reduce CH4 emission probably by regulating soil NH4+ concentration. CRF reduce N2O and NO emissions probably by regulating inorganic N content in the studied alkaline paddy soil. CRF had the same effect on annual crop yield as TF, especially when CRF was applied twice in each season and had the same N application rate as TF. Annual crop yields and the agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) increased by 8.24% and 21.6%, respectively. GSK2193874 ic50 On the average of the two rice-wheat rotation cycles, GHGI significantly decreased by up to 14.1% after the application of CRF as relative to that after the application of TF (P  less then  0.05). These results suggest that CRF is an environment-friendly N fertilization strategy for mitigating GWP and ensuring high crop yield in an alkaline paddy field under rice-wheat rotation.The single-basin solar still is one of the effective ways of desalinating the seawater at an affordable price. But, the productivity of solar still is low and many kinds of research are under progress to enhance the yield. In this regard, a single-basin solar still with a solid staggered pin finned absorber inserted into a paraffin wax bed is developed to investigate the yield enhancement. This investigation is carried out by varying the seawater depths of the absorber basin from 2 to 4 cm in the developed solar still. The obtained results are compared with conventional solar still without fins and PCM bed. It is observed that the yield obtained in the developed solar still with 2-cm depth is having greater productivity when compared to other cases of seawater depths (3 cm and 4 cm). The yield of modified solar still and conventional solar still at 2-cm water depth is 3750 mL/m2 and 3017 mL/m2 respectively. It is also observed that thermal efficiency of the developed single-basin solar still is increased by 12.23%, 22.66% and 24.26% respectively compared to the conventional solar still for the seawater depths of 4 cm, 3 cm and 2 cm. In addition to that, it is observed from the economic analysis, the cost per litre potable water produced from modified solar still and conventional solar still is ₹ 2.1 and ₹ 2.25 respectively. Also, the environmental analysis is carried out to analyse the carbon credit from the developed single-basin solar still and found that the carbon credit gained from modified still and conventional solar still is $ 172.8 and $ 137.9 respectively. Based on this investigation, it is observed that the developed single-basin solar still with solid staggered pin finned absorber inserted into paraffin wax bed can be effectively used for the drinking water production to overcome the water scarcity.
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