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Psychotropic Medicines within Patients using Cushing's Disease Prior to Medical diagnosis and also at Long-Term Follow-Up: A Across the country Study.
INTRODUCTION Physical inactivity is a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases. As reported by the World Health Organisation, 81% of children worldwide are physically inactive. Environmental factors, such as neighbourhood walkability, can shape people's physical activity (PA) behaviour. This study explored the association between neighbourhood walkability and after-school PA among Australian schoolchildren. METHODS The Department for Education and Child Development (DECD) distributed the survey to 189 schools across South Australia to assess the health and well-being of schoolchildren aged between 8 and 14 years. Neighbourhood was defined as an area corresponding to a four digit postcode, and its walkability was measured using Walk Score® . The association between neighbourhood walkability and after-school PA was analysed using multinomial logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, SEIFA score, number of days of TV watching, number of times of eating junk food, neighbourhood safety and children's weight status. RESULTS Children residing in highly walkable areas (walker's paradise) compared to car-dependent areas had higher odds (OR(95%CI)) of engaging in after-school PA three (1.216 (1.029, 1.436), p = 0.021), four (1.287 (1.064, 1.557), p = 0.009) and five times a week (1.230 (1.030, 1.133), p = 0.022) compared to children never participating in PA. CONCLUSION Living in highly walkable areas (walker's paradise), compared to living in car-dependent areas was associated with higher levels of after-school PA. SRT501 SO WHAT Creating walkable neighbourhoods with greater access to amenities, services and public transportation may help increase after-school PA among schoolchildren. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Breast and axillary surgery in Stage IV disease is outside current national guidelines but has been a topic of ongoing debate. A single institution retrospective study identified women with de novo stage IV BC from 2011-2016 to evaluate the rate and goals of primary site surgery. Only 10.2% (n = 27/265patients) had primary site surgery. The goal of surgery was most often treatment intent (n = 23, 85.1%) not palliation (n = 4, 14.8%). There was no 30-day mortality and low (n = 1, 3.7%) 30-day morbidity. Multi-disciplinary patient care pathways based on modern evidence may help identify patients potentially suitable for primary site surgery. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Although multiprotein membrane complexes play crucial roles in bacterial physiology and virulence, the mechanisms governing their quality control remain incompletely understood. In particular, it is not known how unincorporated, orphan components of protein complexes are recognised and eliminated from membranes. Rhomboids, the most widespread and largest superfamily of intramembrane proteases, are known to play key roles in eukaryotes. In contrast, the function of prokaryotic rhomboids has remained enigmatic. Here, we show that the Shigella sonnei rhomboid proteases GlpG and the newly identified Rhom7 are involved in membrane protein quality control by specifically targeting components of respiratory complexes, with the metastable transmembrane domains (TMDs) of rhomboid substrates protected when they are incorporated into a functional complex. Initial cleavage by GlpG or Rhom7 allows subsequent degradation of the orphan substrate. Given the occurrence of this strategy in an evolutionary ancient organism and the presence of rhomboids in all domains of life, it is likely that this form of quality control also mediates critical events in eukaryotes and protects cells from the damaging effects of orphan proteins. © 2020 The Authors.This longitudinal study examined outcomes of a local peace-building intervention that applied principles of intergroup contact to promote reconciliation between génocidaires and survivors whom they have directly harmed during the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda. Individual interviews were conducted with 46 génocidaires and 45 survivors whom they have directly harmed during the genocide at 7-time points over the course of their 22-month participation in three programmatic activities (workshops, cell groups, and cooperative cow raising). One thousand bootstrapped samples generated to measure changes in outcomes indicated that survivors and génocidaires regarded themselves and those who directly impacted them during the genocide more positively after 22 months. Although both survivors and génocidaires experienced significant decline in trauma symptomatology after 22 months, they responded to programmatic activities differently. Cell group interactions sustained some positive outcomes (génocidaires perceived forgiveness by others) after the workshops and further improved others (génocidaires self-forgiveness). Survivors who participated in cell groups and raised cows with génocidaires demonstrated further willingness to reconcile compared to survivors who participated in cell groups alone. Our findings empirically support the benefits of promoting different forms of intergroup interactions long after a period of intense violence and highlight the importance of considering how the trajectories of outcomes can inform program and theory development. HIGHLIGHTS Survivors and génocidaires in Rwanda benefited from a local intergroup contact intervention (CI). However, génocidaires and survivors they directly harmed benefited differently over 22-months. Preparing survivors and génocidaires with skills to participate in communal life is critical for CI. Highlighting both CI outcomes and trajectories are essential for program and theory development. © 2020 Society for Community Research and Action.OBJECTIVES The overall aim was to analyse longitudinally the development of dental caries in the permanent dentition of children and adolescents in a Swedish region, in relation to possible change in socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS A total of 259 448 individuals in western Sweden were followed over a 3-year period, through dental journal records at baseline (3-19-year-olds) and 1-3 dental check-ups during the follow-up period. Official socioeconomic register information (ethnicity, wealth, parental education and employment) was available at both baseline and follow-up. Data were used both as independent single variables and combined in an index. Gender, age and caries status at baseline and the examination years were included as covariates in the regression models. RESULTS Associations over time were found between SES and dental caries in young people. A persistently low SES was associated with the greatest risk of both new and accumulated (decayed plus filled teeth/approximal surfaces) caries; however, any change in SES, whether improved or worsened, led to a greater risk.
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