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RESULTS A total of 138 eligible trials were identified (61,514 patients in DPP-4 inhibitors and 59,661 patients in the control group). Only six trials reported at least one case of pemphigoid (17 and 1 cases in DPP4i and control groups, respectively). DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of pemphigoid (MH-OR 4.44 [1.31, 15.00], p = 0.020). A separate analysis for trials with linagliptin showed a significant increase of BP with the active drug (MH-OR 4.69 [1.09, 20.22]; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, available data from randomized controlled trials seem to confirm the association between DPP-4 inhibitors and bullous pemphigoid. This association could be limited to one molecule of the class (i.e., linagliptin), although data on other DPP4-i (e.g., vildagliptin) are insufficient to rule out similar detrimental effects.PURPOSE The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and chronic hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is still challenging, especially in patients asymptomatic or with non-classical phenotypes and for physicians not skilled in calcium-phosphorous (Ca-P) disorders. The serum calcium/phosphorous (Ca/P) ratio has been proposed as accurate index to identify PHPT, while it has never been tested in HypoPT. The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic power of the serum Ca/P ratio in the diagnosis of primary parathyroid dysfunctions (both PHPT and HypoPT) in a large series of data. METHODS A multicentric, retrospective, cross-sectional study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03747029) was carried out including 432 PHPT patients and 217 HypoPT patients compared with 389 controls. Serum Ca, P, creatinine, parathyroid hormone and 25OH-vitamin D were collected. Serum Ca and P were expressed in mmol/L. Ca/P diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. RESULTS The Ca/P ratio was significantly higher in PHPT and lower in HypoPT patients than controls (p  less then  0.0001). At ROC curve analysis, the Ca/P ratio above 2.55 was defined to identify PHPT patients (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 85.3%) and below 1.78 to identify HypoPT patients (sensitivity 88.2%, specificity 87.9%). CONCLUSIONS The Ca/P ratio is a highly accurate index to identify PHPT when Ca/P is above 2.55 and HypoPT when it is below 1.78. These results demonstrate the reliability of this index to rule in/out primary parathyroid dysfunctions and remark the importance of measuring serum P in clinical practice.PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the nigella sativa vs. placebo effect on anthropometric and biochemical indices in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted as a third-phase trial among 140 menopausal women within the age of 45-60 years old, who were suffering from metabolic syndrome and were assigned to receive 500 mg nigella sativa or placebo pill once daily. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters including body weight, waist circumference, serum lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and HbA1C were measured at baseline and 8 weeks after administration the ingredient or placebo. RESULTS In nigella sativa group, the serum markers such as low-density lipoprotein (115.1 ± 17.6 vs. 127.7 ± 12.6), triglyceride (158.3 ± 14.0 vs. 166.7 ± 16.0), total cholesterol (115.1 ± 17.6 vs. 127.7 ± 12.6), and fasting blood sugar (90.8 ± 16.9 vs. 113.7 ± 12.1) decreased significantly compared with the placebo (p  less then  0.001). CONCLUSION Administration of nigella sativa might be recommended for improving lipid profile and blood sugar in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.Porcine adenoviruses (PAdVs) are classified into three species, PAdV-A, PAdV-B, and PAdV-C. The genomes of PAdV-A and PAdV-C have been well characterized. However, the genome of PAdV-B has never been completely sequenced, and the epidemiology of PAdV-B remains unclear. In our study, we have identified a novel strain of PAdV-B, named PAdV-B-HNU1, in porcine samples collected in China by viral metagenomic assay and general PCR. The genome of PAdV-B-HNU1 is 31,743 bp in length and highly similar to that of California sea lion adenovirus 1 (C. sea lion AdV-1), which contains typical mastadenoviral structures and some unique regions at the carboxy-terminal end. Especially, PAdV-B-HNU1 harbors a dUTPase coding region not clustering with other mastadenoviruses except for C. sea lion AdV-1 and a fiber coding region homologous with galectin 4 and 9 of animals. However, the variance of GC contents between PAdV-B-HNU1 (55%) and C. sea lion AdV-1 (36%) indicates their differential evolutionary paths. Further epidemiologic study revealed a high positive rate (51.7%) of PAdV-B-HNU1 in porcine lymph samples, but low positive rates of 10.2% and 16.1% in oral swabs and rectal swabs, respectively. In conclusion, this study characterized a novel representative genome of a lymphotropic PAdV-B with unique evolutionary origin, which contributes to the taxonomical and pathogenic studies of PAdVs.This study was aimed to design a simple and novel prototype device for the production of polymeric microparticles. MYK461 To prove the effectiveness of this device, benznidazole microparticles using chitosan as carrier and NaOH, KOH, or SLS as counter ions were used. For comparison, benznidazole microparticles were prepared by the conventional dripping technique (syringe and gauge) using the same excipients. Microparticles were characterized in terms of encapsulation efficiency, particle shape, size and surface topography, crystallinity characteristics, thermal behavior, and dissolution rate. Then, the pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated after the oral administration of the microparticles to healthy Wistar rats. The prepared formulations, by means of this device, showed good drug encapsulation efficiency (> 70%). Release studies revealed an increased dissolution of benznidazole from chitosan microparticles prepared using the novel device. It achieved more than 90% in 60 min, while those of the conventional microparticles and raw drug achieved 65% and 68%, respectively, during the same period.
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