Notes

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Considering that patients on dialysis showed a poor outcome during COVID-19 pandemic, and that COVID-19 symptoms in dialysis patients are often mild or absent, each dialysis unit should implement local strategies to early recognize patients affected by COVID-19. However, many available SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests demonstrated a moderate sensitivity, 70%-80% is probably a reasonable estimate. Consequently, having useful tools for differential diagnosis becomes essential. In this scenario, lung ultrasound (LUS) may have an important role in the evaluation of lung involvement in hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic.

We present two cases of hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in whom LUS had a central role in the diagnostic process. Ultrasound images of COVID-19 pneumonia show a typical bilateral pattern characterized by multiple or confluent B-lines with spared areas, thickened and irregular pleural line, and rare subpleural consolidations. LUS showed high accuracy in diagnosing COVID-19 dialysis to present shortness of breath, fever, and multiple B-lines at LUS assessment (such as heart failure, fluid overload, vascular access infection, interstitial pneumonia) but the recognition of typical ultrasound patterns of the COVID-19 pneumonia is helpful for differential diagnosis. LUS may have an important role in the screening process of hemodialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in oligosymptomatic patients before the SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests, and in those with suspected symptoms and/or known exposure with unexpected negative SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests.Spiropyran-based materials (SPBMs) can give responses to the stimulations induced by the light, heat, force, or pH, which have been used as triggers for many smart materials. Here, a cross-linkable SPBM containing mesogenic-units is synthesized, which is pale-colored, non-photoluminescent and non-mesogenic at a spiro form, but dark-colored, photoluminescent, and mesogenic at a merocyanine form. Moreover, the dynamic interconversion behavior of the form in the different chemical environments are distinct. Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) containing the SPBMs cross-linked via visible light, own a photoswitchable glass transition temperature (Tg ) and retain the switchable property; however, the SPBMs cross-linked via UV light will be locked at the MC state, because the molecular movement was frozen at the room temperature lower than the given Tg of the LCP. Thus, programmable chromism and photoluminescence based on the tunable Tg can be endowed to the functional materials prepared from the SPBMs.Cationic carbon dots (CCDs) are a promising alternative to gene delivery systems, and good biosafety levels are crucial for their in-vivo use. In this study, spherical and mono-dispersed CCDs with an average surface potential of +28.7 mV were prepared using sucrose and glutamate (denoted SG-CCDs) by a one-pot autoclave-assisted method. Molecular interactions between the SG-CCDs and four major human serum proteins (albumin, immunoglobulin G, fibrinogen, and transferrin) were investigated. Eeyarestatin 1 concentration The results were further verified on human serum, and the effect of the SG-CCDs on in-vitro blood coagulation were examined. The results showed that the fluorescence of human serum was clearly quenched by the SG-CCDs through a dynamic collision mechanism. Moreover, SG-CCDs at a concentration of 20 μM exhibited minor effects on the secondary structure of human serum. The activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time as well as the fibrinogen concentration were not changed, indicating that the SG-CCDs did not interfere with the coagulation process. This study provided an understandable background on the behavior of CCDs in clinical applications.A new fluorogenic anthracene functionalized calix[4]triazacrown-5 (Ant-AzClx) was successfully synthesized using a simple Schiff's base reaction. The 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis techniques were performed to characterize its structure. Excited at 370 nm, Ant-AzClx reveals excimer emission at 418 nm. Therefore, its anion binding properties were investigated against F- , HCO3 - , H2 PO4 - , NO3 - , Cr2 O7 2- , and SO4 2- ions. When hazardous dichromate anion was introduced into medium, the fluorescence intensity of Ant-AzClx was markedly quenched. The binding constant, stoichiometry, the detection limits and Stern-Volmer equation for the complex formed between Ant-AzClx and Cr2 O7 2- ion were determined. Furthermore, the 1 H-NMR technique was also performed to assess the mechanism of the complex (Ant-AzClx@Cr2 O7 2- ). Apart from its excellent fluorescent chemosensor properties for selective and sensitive recognition of Cr2 O7 2- ion, Ant-AzClx was used as an efficient extractant towards dichromate anion. The extraction results indicated that Ant-AzClx exhibited high extraction capability, leading to it being a promising extractant for the removal of dichromate anions from water.We report an amino-functionalized indium-organic framework for efficient CO2 reduction to formate. The immobilized amino groups strengthen the absorption and activation of CO2 and stabilize the active intermediates, which endow an enhanced catalytic conversion to formate despite the inevitable reduction and reconstruction of the functionalized indium-based catalyst during electrocatalysis. The reconstructed amino-functionalized indium-based catalyst demonstrates a high Faradaic efficiency of 94.4 % and a partial current density of 108 mA cm-2 at -1.1 V vs. RHE in a liquid-phase flow cell, and also delivers an enhanced current density of ca. 800 mA cm-2 at 3.4 V for the formate production in a gas-phase flow cell configuration. This work not only provides a molecular functionalization and assembling concept of hybrid electrocatalysts but also offers valuable understandings in electrocatalyst evolution and reactor optimization for CO2 electrocatalysis and beyond.The alkaline stability of N-heterocyclic ammonium (NHA) groups is a critical topic in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, we report a systematic study on the alkaline stability of 24 representative NHA groups at different hydration numbers (λ) at 80 °C. The results elucidate that γ-substituted NHAs containing electron-donating groups display superior alkaline stability, while electron-withdrawing substituents are detrimental to durable NHAs. Density-functional-theory calculations and experimental results suggest that nucleophilic substitution is the dominant degradation pathway in NHAs, while Hofmann elimination is the primary degradation pathway for NHA-based AEMs. Different degradation pathways determine the alkaline stability of NHAs or NHA-based AEMs. AEMFC durability (from 1 A cm-2 to 3 A cm-2 ) suggests that NHA-based AEMs are mainly subjected to Hofmann elimination under 1 A cm-2 current density for 1000 h, providing insights into the relationship between current density, λ value, and durability of NHA-based AEMs.
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