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Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder that has been reported to be the most common condition associated with severe disproportionate short stature. A limited number of studies exist in the literature reporting kinematic abnormalities in children with Achondroplasia. Reported deviations include increased pelvic tilt, flexed knees during stance and excessive hip abduction. However, studies lack full 3-dimensional data and results are variable. BiP Inducer X purchase The aim of this study was to examine differences in 3-dimensional kinematics during gait between children with Achondroplasia and age-matched controls A retrospective analysis was conducted of our gait laboratory database over a 20-year period. Eight children with Achondroplasia and 32 children with typical development were included. A full 3-dimensional kinematic analysis was performed using a CODA mpx30/cx1 active marker system. Increased flexion at all joints in the sagittal plane, increased hip abduction and foot supination in the coronal plane and increased external hip rotation were present for children with Achondroplasia. In contrast to other studies, increased knee varus was not an issue for the children in this study. This study provides a full description of the kinematic patterns associated with children with Achondroplasia and, as such, a comprehensive baseline for planning rehabilitation strategies in these children.Understanding gait differences in context of group differences is dependent on statistical testing methods and time normalization techniques (TN). The method induces a relationship of both with one another. As to our knowledge, there has been no investigation into their relation so far. To show empirically what effects may be of importance, we use SPM with linear time interpolation (LI) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) separately for data of a study on stair ascent kinematics between two groups. There is a slight difference in statistical significance for the comparison of LI and DTW. LI-uniquely significant time highlight differences due to in-group time-variations, whereas DTW-uniqueness is tied to qualitative differences of homogeneous events. The comparison of stair ascent kinematics with DTW shows more pronounced evidence for backlift-like strategies for the older group, although trunk angles are kept more extended as to ensure stabilty. Thus, the difference in SPM from TN is slight but important, if there is need to mirror said effects methodically.Advances in microphysiological systems have prompted the need for long-term cell culture under physiological flow conditions. Conventional laboratory pumps typically lack the ability to deliver cell culture media at the low flow rates required to meet the physiological ranges of fluid flow, and are often pulsatile or require flow reversal. Here, a microfluidic-based pump is presented, which allows for the controlled delivery of media for vascular microphysiological applications. The performance of the pump was characterized in a range of microfluidic systems, including straight channels of varying dimensions and self-assembled microvascular networks. A theoretical framework was developed based on lumped element analysis to predict the performance of the pump for different fluidic configurations and a finite element model of the included check-valves. The use of the pump for microvascular physiological studies demonstrated the utility of this system to recapitulate vascular fluid transport phenomena in microphysiological systems, which may find applications in disease models and drug screening.Drug carriers for targeting cardiovascular diseases have been gaining a respectable attention, however, designing such carriers is challenging due to the biophysical complexity of the vascular system. Wall shear stress (WSS), exerted by blood flow on the endothelium surface, is a crucial factor in the circulatory system. WSS affects the adhesion and preferential accumulation of drug carriers. Here, we propose, an innovative approach to investigate particle adhesion in a converging artery-sized model, lined with human endothelial cells. Unlike widely used microfluidic and in vivo setups, our model enables to investigate particle accumulation in a continuous WSS range, performed in a single experiment, and at the right scale relevant for human arteries. First, we characterized the flow and the WSS map along the designed model, which can span along the entire arterial WSS range. We then used the model to examine the effect of particle size and the suspension buffer on particle adhesion distribution. The results demonstrated the role of particle size, where the same particles with a diameter of 2 µm exhibit shear-decreased adhesion while 500 nm particles exhibit shear-enhanced adhesion. Furthermore, under the same WSS, particles show a similar behavior when suspended in a Dextran buffer, having a viscosity analogous to blood, compared to a phosphate buffer solution without Dextran. Moreover, experiments with RBCs in the phosphate buffer, at a 40% physiological hematocrit, decreased particle adhesion and affected their deposition pattern. Altogether, our study suggests an original platform for investigating and optimizing intravascular drug carriers and their targeting properties.The distal ischemic steal syndrome (ISS) is a complication following the construction of an arteriovenous (A-V) access for hemodialysis. The ability to non-invasively monitor changes in skin microcirculation improves both the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases. In this study, we propose a novel technique for evaluating the palms' blood distribution following arteriovenous access, based on thermal imaging. Furthermore, we utilize the thermal images to identify typical recovery patterns of patients that underwent this surgery and show that thermal images taken post-surgery reflect the patient's follow-up status. Thermal photographs were taken by a portable thermal camera from both hands before and after the A-V access surgery, and one month following the surgery, from ten dialysis patients. A novel term "Thermo-Anatomical Segmentation", which enables a functional assessment of palm blood distribution was defined. Based on this segmentation it was shown that the greatest change after surgery was in the most distal region, the fingertips (p less then 0.
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