Notes

Infant screening along with targeted sequencing: the multicenter exploration plus a initial clinical review throughout China.
The effectiveness of cognitive training for people with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairments remains inconclusive. There is a pressing need for adequately powered trials with higher methodological quality.
Rehabilitation has proven effective in improving motor symptoms (i.e., weakness, tremor, gait and balance disorders) in patients with Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs). Its effects on non-motor symptoms (NMSs) such as fatigue, pain, depression, anxiety and alexithymia, have not been explored yet.

To explore the effects of a validated inpatient 5-day rehabilitation program, followed by a home-based self-management plan on functional motor symptoms, NMSs, self-rated perception of change, and quality of life (QoL).

33 FMD patients were enrolled. Measures for motor symptoms and NMSs were primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included measures of self-perception of change and QoL. Patients were evaluated pre-treatment (T0), post-treatment (T1), and 3-month follow-up (T2).

There was an overall significant decrease in functional motor symptoms, general, physical, and reduced-activity fatigue (for all, p < 0.001). Post hoc comparison showed significant improvements at T1, whereas effects remained significant at T2 for motor symptoms and physical fatigue. Gait and balance, alexithymia, and physical functioning (QoL) significantly improved at T2. More than 50% of patients reported marked improvement at T1 and T2.

Our study suggests the benefits of rehabilitation and self-management plan on functional motor symptoms and physical fatigue in the medium-term. More actions are needed for the management of pain and other distressing NMSs in FMDs.
Our study suggests the benefits of rehabilitation and self-management plan on functional motor symptoms and physical fatigue in the medium-term. More actions are needed for the management of pain and other distressing NMSs in FMDs.
A growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches aimed at cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive enhancement pointed towards the application of new technologies. The complex virtual reality (VR) presented using immersive devices has been considered a promising approach.

The article provides a systematic review of studies aimed at the efficacy of VR-based rehabilitation. First, we shortly summarize literature relevant to the role of immersion in memory assessment and rehabilitation.

We searched Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed with the search terms "memory rehabilitation", "virtual reality", "memory deficit". Only original studies investigating the efficacy of complex three-dimensional VR in rehabilitation and reporting specific memory output measures were included.

We identified 412 citations, of which 21 met our inclusion criteria. We calculated appropriate effect sizes for 10 studies including control groups and providing descriptive data. The effect sizes range from large to small, or no effect of memory rehabilitation was present, depending on the control condition applied. Summarized studies with missing control groups point out to potential positive effects of VR but do not allow any generalization.

Even though there are some theoretical advantages of immersive VE over non-immersive technology, there is not enough evidence yet to draw any conclusions.
Even though there are some theoretical advantages of immersive VE over non-immersive technology, there is not enough evidence yet to draw any conclusions.
Parkinson's disease (PD) non motor symptoms may present early in the disease course and worsen with advancing disease. Respiratory changes can affect individuals to remain physically active, contributing to a reductionof functionality and quality of life.

The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence of respiratory disorders in patients with PD.

An electronic search was performed up to November 2020 on PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cinahl, and Cochrane using the following keyword combination [("Parkinson disease") AND ("respiratory function tests" OR "evaluation") AND ("respiratory system" OR "respiration disorders" OR "respiratory muscles")].

The electronic search resulted in 601 references in English or Portuguese. The selection process and data extraction were made by two independent reviewers. We selected 19 studies including cross-sectional studies that investigated the respiratory disorders in patients with PD through pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strengtcises. The respiratory impairment in PD seems to be directly related to the progression of the disease.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of the general population.

We investigated the determinants of quality of life (QOL) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impacts of lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic on 100 patients with PD and their caregivers/spouses were assessed. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression. The physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the short form (SF)-8 were used to evaluate health-related QOL.

Regarding health-related QOL, physical function, role physical, general health, vitality and the PCS score were significantly worse in PD patients than in caregivers. Worsening of PD-related symptoms, increased stress, and decreased physical activity were observed in 29.0%, 37.0% and 44.0% of PD patients, respectively. Sixteen patients (16.0%) experienced problems with hospital access, but none reported medication shortages. Strong concerns about COVID-19 were reported by 47.0% of caregivers and 50.0% of PD patients. selleck compound In PD patients, increased gait disturbance and rigidity, disease severity, smoking, the levodopa equivalent dose and decreased body weight predicted a worse PCS score; anxiety, depression, female sex, stress and long disease duration predicted a worse MCS score. In caregivers, age and smoking contributed to a worse PCS score; depression, stress and worsening patient mood contributed to a worse MCS score.

We report the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-related QOL and its determinants in PD patients and their caregivers.
We report the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-related QOL and its determinants in PD patients and their caregivers.
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