Notes

Reproductive system seasonality within crazy northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina).
Oral health means much more than just having healthy teeth. Various oral diseases have significant side effects on general health; also systemic diseases can show a reciprocal effect on oral health. So oral health needs to be regarded by multi-professional approaches and should be combined into comprehensive health-promotion strategies and actions. The present study aimed to determine oral hygiene habits amongst chromium mine workers.

The present observational, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 4 months from April to October 2017. The present study evaluated the oral hygiene habits amongst the chromium mine workers of Odisha. A total of 1140 males were enrolled in the study. The study was conducted after the institutional ethical board clearance and informed written consent for participation in the study and written consent was obtained from all in their vernacular language. Data were entered using MS-EXCEL 2016 and the statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.

There were 91.9% of subjects who brushed once a day, 6.9% brushed twice a day and 1.1% brushed after every meal. The results of the study showed that 75.9% and 8.1% of subjects used tooth paste and tooth powder respectively for brushing there teeth regularly.the results of this study also showed that 11.9% of study participants used indigenous means (other means) as an aid to tooth brushing.

There is a lack of awareness and education about oral hygiene practices amongst mine workers due to which they do not resort to good oral hygiene practices.
There is a lack of awareness and education about oral hygiene practices amongst mine workers due to which they do not resort to good oral hygiene practices.
The world is going through a pandemic caused by newly emerged "Novel Coronavirus," which was originated from Wuhan, China in December 2019. This pandemic caused havoc in the world. So far, more than 200 countries have been affected by Novel Coronavirus. India is also not untouched by this outbreak. The corona virus transmits through droplets, contact, and fomites in human and become a chain transmission by human to human. SARS-CoV-2 spread worldwide by air transport, and it is also reaches to local and small societies or villages by domestic transport through the travelers.

In this study, data are accessed from Ministry of Health and Family Affaires, Ministry of Home affairs, Ministry of Transport, Government of India, World health organization, and www.worldometers.info. The accessed data are analyzed by origin 6.1 software.

In India, till April 8, 2020, 5274 people were found infected with COVID-19, out of which 410 were recovered, and the remaining 149 died. mTOR inhibitor The infection of SARS-CoV-2 reaches to several places by international and domestic through human travelers. To avoid local and community transmission in India, it was decided for complete lockdown of 21 days from March 25, 2020 in country to prevent mass gathering and promote social distancing. Further, the lockdown was extended to May 3, 2020. The decision of lockdown has been successful in getting control of COVID-19 in India so far.

The effective measure of lockdown to control COVID-19 was found to be very successful in India and it can be apply by other countries to control the COVID-19.
The effective measure of lockdown to control COVID-19 was found to be very successful in India and it can be apply by other countries to control the COVID-19.
Sore throat is one of the commonest symptoms that patients present to a primary care physician. We describe the epidemiology of sore throat and performance of an algorithm to predict viral sore throat in a part of India.

Children below 10 years of age were followed in 4 villages of Haryana, India from Aug 2012 to Aug 2014 through weekly domiciliary visits by trained field workers who screened for symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) including sore throat. Nasal and throat swabs were obtained from a random sample of sore throat cases by nurses and sent in appropriate transport media for real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of viral nucleic acid. Incidence of sore throat and viral sore throat are reported as number of sore throat episodes per 1000 child-years (EPTCY) with 95% confidence-interval (CI). Symptoms, associated with viral sore throat were identified by logistic regression, combined into a clinical score and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was plotted.

Over a two-year period, 3765 children were followed up for 5578 child years. 1069 episodes of sore throat were reported, and swabs were collected from 8% of the cases randomly. The incidence of sore throat and viral sore throat was 191.7 (95%CI 180.5-203.6) and 60.1 (95%CI 55.1-68.2) EPTCY, respectively. Fever (aOR 5.40,95%CI 1.16-25.18) and running nose (aOR 10.16,95%CI 1.01-102.42) was significantly associated with viral sore throat. The clinical score (fever, running nose, and headache) had an overall sensitivity of 86.2% (68.3-96.1%), specificity of 62% (47.2-75.3%) and AUC of 0.78 (0.67-0.87) in predicting viral sore throat.

Viruses contributed to one-third of burden of sore throat and clinical score can be used in primary care settings to aid antibiotic prescription by physicians.
Viruses contributed to one-third of burden of sore throat and clinical score can be used in primary care settings to aid antibiotic prescription by physicians.
In India, the active case-finding (ACF) strategy began in 2017 under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme to find its missing tuberculosis (TB) cases. Few studies have been conducted in India to assess the treatment outcome of TB patients detected by ACF.

The aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes of patients detected through ACF campaigns during the year 2018 in Haridwar district, Uttarakhand.

This was a cross-sectional study which used the existing data and records.

The ACF campaign records of 2018 were extracted from six TB units of Haridwar district. Details of sociodemographic, clinical profile, and treatment outcome of 100 diagnosed patients were obtained and analyzed.

Out of the total 100 TB patients detected, the site of disease was pulmonary in 98% of patients. Almost all (92%) the patients were diagnosed microbiologically and treatment was initiated by 78% of the patients. The proportion of successful treatment outcome was found in 64% of the patients. The median time interval from diagnosis to treatment was found to be 2 days.
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