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In this investigation, potential inhibitors of α-amylase, one of the key regulatory enzymes in diabetes were characterized from the methanolic extract of Leucas ciliata Benth. (Lamiaceae), a traditional medicinal plant of the Western Ghats, southern India and the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces longisporoflavus (JX965948), an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem fragments of L. ciliata, by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique followed by molecular docking studies. Forty-four compounds were detected in the solvent extracts of the host plant and the endophyte, respectively. These compounds were selected as ligands for the receptor α-amylase in the molecular docking studies using PyRx software (0.8 V) for the inhibition of α-amylase activity. The ligands were ranked based on the binding energies ranging between - 3.1 and - 10.1 kcal/mol. Three ligands from the host plant extract, viz., Topotecan (PNo_7), Cathine (PNo_17) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(methylsulfonyl)amphetamine (PNo_1sers.
The online version of this article (10.1007/s13205-020-02547-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.In this study, nine strains of Pseudomonas aurantiaca and P. chlororaphis, and two isolates of Pseudomonas sp. At1RP4 and RS-1, were characterized for the in-vitro production of secondary metabolites in LB, DMB, and King's B media, and of the genes responsible for the production of antagonistic metabolites. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, isolates At1RP4 and RS-1 were identified as strains of P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens. Five phenazine derivatives comprising phenazine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (2-OH-Phz-1-COOH), phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid (Phz-1,6-di-COOH), and 2-hydroxyphenazine (2-OH-Phz) were produced by all strains in all three culture media including DMB, King's B and LB. CID44216842 mouse However, 2,8-dihydroxyphenazine, 6-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid, pyrrolnitrin, and the ortho-dialkyl-aromatic acids, were produced by the P. aurantiaca and P. chlororaphis strains. In addition, all strains produced 2-acetamidophenol, pyochelin, and diketopiperazine derivativ material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02585-8.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02585-8.The effects of alginate oligosaccharides (AOs) on the growth performance and non-specific immunity of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were investigated by performing a 60-day feeding trial. Four trial diets were formulated and supplemented with different doses of AOs (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg). Triplicate groups of grass carp were fed with one of the diets twice daily. The grass carps fed with diets containing an appropriate dose of AOs for 60 days exhibited higher survival rates; body weight gains; specific growth rates; resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila; superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities; and serum total protein, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, complement C3, complement C4 and interleukin-10 expression levels and lower feed conversion ratios and malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, IL-1β expression, IL-8 expression and tumor necrosis factor-α expression levels than the control group (p  less then  0.05). Based on the effects of AOs on growth performance and survival percent, the optimum dose of AOs was 200 mg/kg. Results indicate that AOs as a dietary supplement enhances the growth performance and non-specific immunity of grass carps and their resistance to diseases.High-temperature stress severely impacts both yield and quality of tomato fruits, and therefore, it is required to develop stress-tolerant cultivars. In the present study, two tomato genotypes, H88-78-1 and CLN-1621, identified through preliminary phenotypic screening were characterized by analysis of molecular, physiological, and biochemical traits in comparison with a susceptible genotype Punjab Chhuhara. Phenotypic stress tolerance of both the genotypes was validated at biochemical level as they showed higher amount of relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, free cellular proline, and antioxidant molecules while less amount of H2O2 and electrolyte leakage. Expression analysis of 67 genes including heat shock factors, heat shock proteins, and other stress-responsive genes showed significant up-regulation of many of the genes such as 17.4 kDa class III heat shock protein, HSF A-4a, HSF30, HSF B-2a, HSF24, HSF B-3 like, 18.1 kDa class I HSP like, and HSP17.4 in H88-78-1 and CLN-1621 after exposure to high-temperature stress. These candidate genes can be transferred to cultivated varieties by developing gene-based markers and marker-assisted breeding. This confirms the rapid response of these genotypes to high-temperature stress. All these traits are characteristics of a stress-tolerance and establish them as candidate high-temperature stress-tolerant genotypes that can be effectively utilized in stress tolerance improvement programs.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02587-6.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02587-6.One of the destructive potyviruses which cause economic damage and serious yield losses to cucurbit crops around the world is Watermelon mosaic potyvirus. In 2016, 305 leaf samples from different cucurbit cultivars with deformation and reduction in leaf size, blistering, mild and severe mosaic symptoms were collected from different cucurbits-growing regions in Northwest of Iran. Total RNA and their cDNA were tested by RT-PCR assay using two sets of specific primers corresponding to the partial sequences of CP and P1 genomic regions, in which approximately 80 out of 305 samples were found to be infected by WMV. DNA fragments of about 780 bp and 545 bp in length were amplified that belonged to the CP and P1 genes, respectively. Phylogenetic trees of WMV isolates were clustered into three main independent groups with significant FST values (> 0.50 and > 0.55) for CP and P1 genes, respectively. dN/dS ratios obtained less than one ( 1 for EM clade containing; China, France, and Italy populations and less then  1 for CL and G2 clades; South Korea and Iran populations.
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