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Characterize association between hydrocortisone receipt and hospital outcomes of infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).

Cohort study of infants ≥34 weeks with PPHN who received inhaled nitric oxide at <7 days of age (2010-2016). We generated propensity scores, and performed inverse probability-weighted regression to estimate hydrocortisone effect on outcomes death, chronic lung disease (CLD), oxygen at discharge.

Of 2743 infants, 30% received hydrocortisone, which was associated with exposure to mechanical ventilation, sedatives, paralytics, or vasopressors (p < 0.001). There was no difference in death, CLD, or oxygen at discharge. In infants with meconium aspiration syndrome, hydrocortisone was associated with decreased oxygen at discharge (odds ratio 0.56; 95% confidence interval 0.21, 0.91).

There was no association between hydrocortisone receipt and death, CLD, or oxygen at discharge in our cohort. Avitinib chemical structure Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrocortisone in infants with PPHN.
There was no association between hydrocortisone receipt and death, CLD, or oxygen at discharge in our cohort. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrocortisone in infants with PPHN.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) in infants with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Infants with moderate-to-severe ABO HDN during early neonatal period (<7 days) at our hospital in 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Patients treated with IVIG and phototherapy were classified as the IVIG group, and those who only received phototherapy were classified as the phototherapy only group.

Forty-six patients were classified into the IVIG group and 68 other patients were classified into the phototherapy only group. There was no significant difference in duration of phototherapy, hospitalization periods, needs for exchange transfusion, transfusions, and incidence of bilirubin-induced neurological sequelae between these two groups (P = 0.20, 0.27, 0.65, 0.47, 0.78, respectively).

It seems unnecessary to expose neonates to IVIG in moderate-to-severe ABO HDN when the available data show no appreciable benefits.
It seems unnecessary to expose neonates to IVIG in moderate-to-severe ABO HDN when the available data show no appreciable benefits.
Identify antenatal and neonatal factors associated with primary outcome of EUGR.

1063 preterm infants from a subset of the BBC were included in this prospective cohort study. Regression analysis was carried out to evaluate associations of EUGR with antenatal factors and neonatal factors.

6.1% of the infants had in-utero growth restriction (IUGR) at birth and 21.7% of infants had EUGR. The adjusted odds ratio for EUGR status were significant for birth weight (OR 0.99, p = 0.00, CI 0.99-0.99), for GA at birth (OR 4.58, p = 0.00, CI 3.25-6.44), for PDA (OR 2.9, p = 0.02, CI 1.17-7.1), for NEC (OR 5.14, p = 0.012, CI 1.44-18.3) and for day of life of reaching full feeds (OR 1.04, p = 0.001, CI 1.01-1.06).

This study highlights important factors associated with EUGR. Additional studies are needed to gain further insight.
This study highlights important factors associated with EUGR. Additional studies are needed to gain further insight.
To investigate seasonality and temporal trends in the incidence of NEC.

A retrospective cohort study from two tertiary NICUs in northern and central Connecticut involving 16,761 infants admitted over a 28-year period. Various perinatal and neonatal risk factors were evaluated by univariate, multivariate, and spectral density analyses.

Incidence of NEC was unchanged over the 28 years of study. Gestational age, birth weight, and birth-months (birth in April/May) were independently associated with stage II or III NEC even after adjusting for confounding factors (p < 0.05). Yearly NEC incidence showed a multi-modal distribution with spectral density spikes approximately every 10 years.

Temporal and seasonal factors may play a role in NEC with a peak incidence in infants born in April/May and periodicity spikes approximately every 10 years. These trends suggest non-random and possibly environmental factors influencing NEC.
Temporal and seasonal factors may play a role in NEC with a peak incidence in infants born in April/May and periodicity spikes approximately every 10 years. These trends suggest non-random and possibly environmental factors influencing NEC.
This study aims to determine the immediate outcome of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and risk factors for mortality in the era of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO).

This observational cross-sectional study includes 195 confirmed PPHN with a gestational age of ≥34 weeks without congenital heart disease. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for mortality.

The mortality rate was 16.4%, with the highest mortality with pulmonary hypoplasia. Of 195, 65% received iNO; 18% were iNO non-responders with the majority having pulmonary hypoplasia. Independent risk factors for mortality were the presence of reversal of flow at the descending aorta, pulmonary hypoplasia, APGAR scores ≤ 5 at 5 min, and idiopathic PPHN with an adjusted odds ratio of 15.9, 7.5, 6.7, and 6.4, respectively.

Despite the usage of iNO, mortality due to PPHN remains high and is related to etiology and cardiac function.
Despite the usage of iNO, mortality due to PPHN remains high and is related to etiology and cardiac function.
To assess the relationship between cerebral oxygenation in the first 72 h of life and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 2 years corrected age in former premature infants.

Prospective observational cohort study of 127 infants <32 weeks GA at birth with cerebral oxygenation monitoring using NIRS in the first 72 h of life.

Using a threshold cutoff for cerebral hypoxia, infants with NDI or death had increased duration of hypoxia (4 vs 2.3%, p = 0.001), which was more pronounced in the 23-27 week subgroup (7.6 vs 3.2%, p < 0.001). Individual generalized estimating equations to adjust for repeated measures were modeled in this subgroup for the physiologic parameters including StO
. StO
 < 67% was a predictor for death or NDI (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.006, 7.5132, p = 0.049).

An increased duration of cerebral hypoxia is associated with NDI or death in infants born <32 weeks GA.
An increased duration of cerebral hypoxia is associated with NDI or death in infants born less then 32 weeks GA.
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