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The optimal binwidth was minimized at the optimal voltage threshold, particularly for acoustic stimuli dominated by temporally dynamic features, indicating that permissive thresholding permits readout of cortical responses with temporal precision on the order of a few milliseconds. SIGNIFICANCE The improvements in decoding accuracy we observed for optimal readout parameters suggest that standard thresholding methods substantially underestimate the information present in auditory cortical spiking patterns. The fact that optimal thresholds were relatively low indicates that local populations of cortical neurons exhibit high temporal coherence that could be leveraged in service of future auditory BCI applications. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Electronic whispering gallery modes (EWGMs) have been recently observed in several circular graphene junctions, pn and pp', created in scanning tunnelling microscope experiments. By computing the local density of states within the Dirac-Weyl formalism for massless fermions we demonstrate that the EWGMs may really be emerged in any type of electrostatic-potential induced circular graphene junctions, including uni-junctions (e.g. np- or pp'-junctions) as well as bipolar junctions (e.g. pnp-heterojunctions). Surprisingly, quantitative analyses show that for all the EWGMs identified (regardless of junction types) the quality (Q) factors seem to be leq 10^2, very small compared to those in ordinary optical whispering gallery modes microresonators, while the corresponding mode radii may tunably be in nanometer-scale. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with existent experimental data, putting a question to the application potential of the EWGMs identified. AR13324 © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Recently, it was reported that the VI3 had a Mott insulator nature and also displayed the structural and magnetic phase transition at low temperature. Here, we explored the magnetic properties of the two-dimensional (2D) monolayer structure using the density functional theory. We found that the 2D VI3 had an enhanced lattice constant compared with that in the bulk structure. Besides, the 2D monolayer had an indirect band gap of 0.98 eV, and this band gap was increased (decreased) with tensile (compressive) strain up to ±3%. The monolayer structure had a ferromagnetic ground state and this nature was preserved under both tensile and compressive strains. We obtained that the monolayer structure had a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy of 0.29 meV/cell. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy still remained even after applying the tensile and compressive strains although the magnitude of magnetic anisotropy was slightly changed. Using the Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations, we found that the monolayer had a Curie temperature of 46 K. This Curie temperature was increased to 57 K with 3% tensile strain whereas it was decreased to 35 K with 3% compressive strain. Overall, we found that the magnetic property of 2D VI3 monolayer was robust under the strain.Although lithium-sulfur batteries are one of the promising candidates for next generation energy storage systems, the practical applications are still hampered by the poor cycle life, which can be attributed to the insulating properties of sulfur and the shuttle effect of electrochemical intermediate polysulfides. To address these problems, we synthesize sandwich-like composites which consist of ultrafine nanosulfur particles enveloped by little oxygen-functionalized graphene layers (F-GS@S). In this structure, the little oxygen-functionalized graphene backbone can not only accelerate the redox kinetics of sulfur species, but also eliminate the shuttle effect of polysulfides by strong chemical interaction. Moreover, the sandwich confinement structures can further inhibit the dissolution of polysulfides by physical restraint and accommodate the volume contraction/expansion of sulfur during cycling. As a result, the F-GS@S composites used as cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries display superior rate capability with high capacities of 1208 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and 601.7 mAh g-1 at 2 C and high cycling stability with a capacity retention of 70.5% after 500 cycles at 2 C. The in-situ characterizations and real-time monitoring experiments during the discharge/charge process are carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the F-GS@S composites as cathodes for high rate and long-life lithium-sulfur batteries. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.The interplay of small noncoding RNAs (miRNAs), mRNAs, and proteins plays crucial roles in almost all cellular processes. MiR-124, widely known as a memory-related miRNA, can regulate long-term memory by binding to the mRNA of transcription factor CREB1 stimulated with 5-HT. In this paper, we establish a regulatory network model of CREB1 and miR-124 stimulated by 5-HT, in which miR-124 inhibits CREB1, which in turn enhances miR-124. Our model validates three protocols based on 5-HT used in experiments on the induction of long-term memory in Aplysia. A steady-state analysis and bifurcations beyond memory formation of the abstracted system when the fast reaction has been in the equilibrium, can facilitate more abundant dynamical behaviors such as bistability and oscillation. The original system also exhibits bistability under appropriate feedback strengths, which is relevant to the mechanism of long-term memory formation. Furthermore, we specically show a change in the transition from a reversible switch to an irreversible switch via bifurcations of the negative regulation of miR-124 on CREB1, which eventually maintains a high pCREB1 level after being initially elevated by 5-HT. These findings indicate that miR-124 provides an inhibitory constraint on long-term synaptic plasticity through the regulation of CREB1. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.In this work, we report manifested optical, optoelectronic and spin-spin relaxation features of a few layered tungsten disulphide (22) nanosheets subjected to energeticγ -photons (~1.3 MeV) emitted from a Co60source. Upon intense irradiation (dose=96 kGy), a slight departure from pure hexagonal phase was realized with the introduction of trigonal phase at large. Moreover, in the Raman spectra as a consequence of the radiation induced effect, an apparent improvement of theE-to-Amode intensity and consequently, a reduction in phonon life-times have been realized latter being dependent on the linewidths. The emergence of the new peak (D) maxima observable at, ~406 cm-1in the Raman spectra and ~680 nm in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra can be attributed to the introduction of defect centers owing to realization of sulphur vacancies (VS) in the irradiated nanoscale WS2. Additionally, neutral exciton to charged exciton (trion) conversion is anticipated in the overall PL characteristics. The PL decay dynamics, while following bi-exponential trends, have revealed an ample improvement in both the fast parameter (0.
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