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Current risk assessment tools for osteoporosis have inconsistent performance across different cohorts, making them difficult for clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate a simple screening index comprising years since menopause (YSM) and body mass index (BMI) that identifies postmenopausal Singaporean women with a greater likelihood of low bone mass.

The study used data from 188 treatment-naïve postmenopausal women. The associations between low bone mass and different demographic variables, including age, YSM and BMI, were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Diagnostic performance of the calculated screening index was compared to the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) and the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX
).

YSM and BMI were significantly associated with low bone mass. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.803 for the screening index, 0.759 for the OSTA, 0.683 for the FRAX
(major osteoporotic fracture probability [MOFP]) and 0.647 for the FRAX
(hip fracture probability [HFP]). Non-parametric Spearman's correlation between the screening index and the other models was 0.857 with the OSTA score, 0.694 with the FRAX
(HFP) and 0.565 with the FRAX
(MOFP) (
 < 0.0005).

The diagnostic performance of the screening index comprising YSM and BMI was equivalent to the OSTA and the FRAX
. A risk chart was developed for clinicians to identify and recommend subjects for a further dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Validation of this model in larger and more diverse cohorts is required.
The diagnostic performance of the screening index comprising YSM and BMI was equivalent to the OSTA and the FRAX®. KC7F2 mw A risk chart was developed for clinicians to identify and recommend subjects for a further dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Validation of this model in larger and more diverse cohorts is required.Closed traumatic rupture of forearm flexor muscles has been reported rarely. Previous reports have included ruptures of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, pronator quadratus and the palmaris longus. We report a patient with a closed traumatic rupture through the muscle belly of the flexor carpi ulnaris and summarise the published literature on ruptures involving the forearm flexor muscles. Overall, conservative treatment can result in excellent outcomes. Early surgical intervention is recommended in patients with nerve involvement and compartment syndrome and delayed reconstruction may be considered for patients with functional deficits.Background Dupuytren's disease (DD) is well known as a fibromatous disorder of the palmar aponeurosis. Although there is a large body of literature on the etiology of DD in Europe, there have been few studies in Japan. The purpose of our study was to investigate the etiology and risk factors of DD in a large population in Japan. Methods The subjects were voluntary participants from the 2014 Health Promotion Project, and 1,112 individuals were included (421 men and 691 women; mean age = 54.2 ± 15.3 years) in this study. The severity of DD was assessed using the Meyerding classification. All participants completed a questionnaire on age, sex, lifestyle, and occupations. All participants also completed the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to investigate the QOL. Fasting venous blood specimens were taken for biochemical analysis. Results DD was found in 44 participants (3.9%). The prevalence was 8.3% among the men and 1.3% among the women. The prevalence in these older than 60 years was 7.7% (men; 18.5%, women; 2.4%). There were 17 participants that had DD of both hands. Multiple digits were affected in 9 participants. The ring finger was the most affected finger (71.2%), followed by the little finger (16.4%), and middle finger (12.3%). In Meyerding classification, 39 cases were stage 0, one case was stage 1, and four cases were stage 2. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, sex, smoking, and occupation were significantly associated with DD. There was no significant association between DD and other parameters. When associations between DD and the SF-36 subscales were analyzed, there were significant associations with physical functioning, physical role functioning, and mental health. Conclusions Our study is the largest in Japan to date. These results will provide very useful data to aid understanding of DD.Background The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), a self-reported questionnaire for patients with hand disorders, has been widely used globally. It has been cross-culturally adapted into different languages across all continents. Aims of this study were to translate the MHQ into Malay language and to evaluate its reliability and validity compared with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire in a Malay-speaking population. Methods The MHQ was cross-culturally adapted into a Malay version based on the guidelines. A pre-testing involving thirty patients with hand disorders was performed to assess whether it was comprehensible to the target population. One hundred patients with hand disorders were recruited in this study to answer the MHQ and DASH questionnaires. The MHQ was tested twice with an interval of two weeks in between. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the reproducibility and internal consistency via the test-retest method and Cronbach's alpha calculation, respectively. The association between MHQ and DASH questionnaire was assessed with Spearman's correlation calculation. Results In the pre-testing, twenty-six patients (86.7%) understood all the questions in the Malay version of MHQ. The test-retest analysis showed a good reliability across the duration of two weeks with the intraclass correlation coefficient of all subscales ranging from 0.925 to 0.984. Cronbach's alpha values of the Malay version MHQ ranged from 0.82 to 0.97, indicating a good internal consistency. Spearman's correlation factor of the MHQ in comparison with DASH showed a fair to moderately strong correlation with the values ranging from 0.513 to 0.757. Conclusions The Malay version of MHQ was successfully translated and culturally-adapted with excellent reliability (reproducibility and internal consistency) and good construct validity.
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