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[Antibiotic prophylaxis for endourological surgery contemplating prescription antibiotic stewardship].
Objective The grand global challenges of the Anthropocene are interdependent with ample evidence that reduced early-life 'experience' of biodiversity primes for immune dysregulation and a higher propensity low-grade inflammation, increasing the risk of allergy many other later-onset NCDs -also now implicated in the susceptibility to acute inflammation in COVID-19 infection. The objective of this review is to explore links between biodiversity on all scales and allergic disease as a measure of immune dysregulation. Data sources Were identified from PubMed and Web of Science using search terms pertaining to biodiversity, nature-relatedness, allergic disease, microbiome, NCDs, COVID-19 and associated terms. Study selections Studies were selected based on relevance to human health and biodiversity. Results Contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes regulated immune responses, and protects from allergy and both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. These important links to eco-psychological constructs of the 'extinction of experience' which indicates that loss of direct, personal contact with biodiversity-wildlife and the more visible elements of the natural world-might lead to emotional apathy and irresponsible behaviors toward the environment. Conclusion The immune system is a useful early barometer of environmental impacts, and via the microbiome, a measure of the way in which our current experiences differ from our ancestral past. While we would benefit from further research, efforts to increase direct, personal contact with biodiversity have clear benefits for multiple aspect of physical and mental health, the skin and gut microbiome, immune function, food choices, sleep, physical activity, and promotes environmental responsibility.Background Comorbid perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), or year-round aeroallergen sensitivity, significantly contributes to disease burden in asthma patients. Dupilumab blocks the shared receptor for interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, key drivers of type 2 inflammation that play important roles in asthma and PAR. In LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST (NCT02414854), dupilumab reduced severe asthma exacerbations and improved forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma, with greater efficacy observed in patients with elevated type 2 inflammatory biomarkers at baseline (blood eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO]). Objective We assessed dupilumab efficacy in QUEST patients with comorbid PAR (allergic rhinitis history and ≥1 perennial aeroallergen-specific IgE ≥0.35 kU/L at baseline). Methods Severe asthma exacerbation rates, FEV1, asthma control (ACQ-5), rhinoconjunctivitis-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (RQLQ[S]+12), and type 2 inflammatory biomarkers during the 52-week treatment period were assessed. Results 814/1902 (42.8%) patients had comorbid PAR. Dupilumab 200 and 300 mg q2w versus placebo reduced severe exacerbations rates by 32.2% and 34.6% (both P less then .05), and improved FEV1 at Week 12 by 0.14 L and 0.18 L (both P less then .01); greater efficacy was observed in patients with elevated baseline blood eosinophils (≥300 cells/μL) and FeNO. Dupilumab treatment also numerically improved ACQ-5 and RQLQ(s)+12 scores, and suppressed type 2 inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusion Dupilumab improved key asthma-related outcomes, asthma control and rhinoconjunctivitis-specific HRQoL, while suppressing type 2 inflammatory biomarkers and perennial allergen specific IgE in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma and comorbid PAR, highlighting its dual inhibitory effects on IL-4/IL-13 and its role in managing both asthma and PAR.Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries associated with the aging process. Many risk factors have been identified and they are mainly related to life-styles, gene-environment interactions and socioeconomic status. Carotid and coronary artery diseases are the two major atherosclerotic conditions, being the primary cause of stroke and heart attack, respectively. see more Nevertheless, carotid plaque assumes particular aspects not only for the specific molecular mechanisms, but also for the types of atheroma which may be associated with a better or a worst prognosis. The identification of circulating blood biomarkers able to distinguish carotid plaque types (stable or vulnerable) is a crucial step for the improvement of adequate therapeutic approaches avoiding or delaying endarterectomy in the oldest old individuals (> 80 years), a population predicted to growth in the next years. The review highlights the most recent knowledge on carotid plaque molecular mechanisms, focusing on microRNAs (miRs), as a site-specific accelerated aging within the conceptual framework of Geroscience for new affordable therapies.With advances in modern medicine, diverse tumor therapies have been developed. However, because of a lack of effective methods, the delivery of drugs or micromolecules in the human body has many limitations. Biomaterials are natural or synthetic functional materials that are prone to contact or interact with living systems. Therefore, the application of biomaterials provides innovative anti-tumor strategies, especially in tumor targeting, chemotherapy sensitization, tumor immunotherapy. The combination of biomaterials and drugs provides a promising strategy to overcome the biological barriers of drug delivery. Nanomaterials can target specific tumor sites to enhance the efficiency of tumor therapies and decrease the toxicity of drug through passive targeting, active targeting and direct targeting. Additionally, biomaterials can be used to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. Furthermore, modifiable biomaterials can induce effective anti-tumor immune response. Currently, the developmental trend of biomaterial for drug delivery is motivated by the combination and diversification of different therapies. With interdisciplinary development, a variety of anti-tumor strategies will emerge in an endless stream to bring great hope for tumor therapy. In this review, we will discuss the anti-tumor strategies based on nanoparticles and injectable scaffolds.
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