Notes

Postpartum maternal experience of predator scent adjusts offspring antipredator habits, basal HPA axis task as well as immunoglobulin quantities throughout grownup Brandt's voles.
Objective This study was conducted to confirm the effects of new inoculants producing-antifungal or esterase substances on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices by comparing wild with mutated types. Methods Rye harvested at dough stage was ensiled into 3 L mini bucket silo (1 kg) for 90 d in triplicate following distilled water at 20 uL/g (CON); Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 (AT) and its inactivation of antifungal genes (AT-m) at 1.2 × 105 cfu/g, respectively; and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 (FD) and its inactivation of esterase genes (FD-est) at 1.0 × 105 cfu/g, respectively. After silo opened, silage was sub-sampled for the analysis of ensiling quality and its rumen fermentation indices. Results Among the wild type inoculants (CON vs. AT vs. FD), FD inoculant had higher (p less then 0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in rumen, while AT inoculant had higher (p less then 0.05) lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria in silage. Silage pH and the potentially degradable fraction in rumen increased (p less then 0.05) by inactivation of antifungal activity (AT vs. AT-m), but lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria of silage decreased (p less then 0.05). In silage, acetate increased (p less then 0.05) by inactivation of esterase activity (FD vs. FD-est) with decreases (p less then 0.05) of pH, ammonia-N, lactate, and yeast. Moreover, inactivation of esterase activity clearly decreased (p less then 0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen. Conclusion This study concluded that FD inoculant confirmed esterase activity on rye silage harvested at dough stage, while AT inoculant could not be confirmed with antifungal activity due to the absence of mold in all silages.Objective An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lonicera japonica extract (LJE) on milk production, rumen fermentation and blood biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress during the perinatal period of Holstein dairy cows. Methods Eighteen Holstein dairy cows were used in a complete randomized design experiment with 3 dietary treatments and 6 cows per treatment. All cows received the same basal TMR including a prepartal diet (1.35 Mcal of NEL/kg of DM, 13.23% CP) from -60 d to calving and a postpartal diet (1.61 Mcal of NEL/kg of DM, 17.39% CP) from calving to 30 DIM. The 3 dietary treatments were TMR supplemented with LJE at 0 (control), 1 and 2g/kg DM, respectively. LJE was offered from 21 d before calving to 30 DIM. DMI and milk production were measured daily after calving. Milk and rumen fluid samples were collected on 29 and 30 d after calving. On -10, 4, 14 and 30 d relative to calving, blood samples were collected to analyze the biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Results Compared with control diet, LJE supplementation at 1 and 2 g/kg DM increased DMI, milk yield and reduced milk SCC. LJE supplementation also decreased the concentrations of blood biomarkers of pro-inflammation (IL -1β, IL-6 and haptoglobin), energy metabolism (nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA)) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM)), meanwhile increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations in blood. No differences were observed in rumen pH, VFA and ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentrations between LJE supplemented diets and the control diet. Conclusion Supplementation with 1 and 2 g LJE /kg DM could increase DMI, improve lactation performance, and enhance anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of dairy cows during perinatal period.Objective Shearing is one of the practices that is applied periodically to fiber producing animals, which can also alter resistance of animals to high temperatures in especially summer months. This study aimed to investigate effects of shearing on some physiological and hormonal parameters in Akkaraman sheep during summer season. Methods 39 non-pregnant Akkaraman ewes (aged 1.5 years at the beginning of experiment) were used in this study. The 39 ewes were chosen randomly from the flock belonging to the Erciyes University and they were assigned to two groups as follows 1) group A (n=20) designed as the control group, they were shorn and group B (n=19) designed as the experimental group, they were unshorn. Prior to the shearing (-1 day) and on days 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 following the shearing, blood samples were taken from the vena jugularis of each sheep. Cortisol, β-Endorphin, growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) concentrations were determined using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Body weight (BW), rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR) and respiratory rate (RR) of each sheep were recorded at the same time. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of shearing x period interaction (p less then 0.01) and a significant effect of period (p less then 0.01) on BW, HSP-70, cortisol, T4 and RT, PR, GH, β-Endorphin, T3, respectively. Also these analysis showed no significant effect of shearing x period interaction or period on RR. GI254023X cell line Conclusion The results showed that the thermoregulation abilities of sheep were affected by shearing treatment and the shorn ewes were more effected by heat stress. In conclusion, based on the data of this study, shearing can be considered as a necessary management practice that requires protection for sheep from the effect of heat stress.Objective Genome-wide association study and two meta-analysis based on GWAS performed to explore the genetic mechanism underlying variation in pig number born alive (NBA) and total number born (TNB). Methods Single trait GWAS and two meta-analysis (single-trait meta analysis and multi-trait meta analysis) were used in our study for NBA and TNB on 3121 Yorkshires from 4 populations, including three different American Yorkshire populations (n=2,247) and one British Yorkshire populations (n=874). Results The result of single trait GWAS showed that no significant associated SNPs were identified. Using single-trait meta analysis and multi-trait meta analysis within populations, 11 significant loci were identified associated with target traits. SPIN1, VEGFA, FOXQ1, MSX1 and LHFPL3 are five functionally plausible candidate genes for NBA and TNB. Compared to the single population GWAS, single-trait Meta analysis can improve the detection power to identify SNPs by integrating information of multiple populations. The multiple-trait analysis reduced the power to detect trait-specific loci but enhanced the power to identify the common loci across traits.
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