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Life-time Actionable Pharmacogenetic Drug Use: A new Population-based Cohort Research in 86 040 Young adults Together with as well as With out Psychological Problems within Denmark.
There were no significant main effects of the BDNF rs2049046 genotype on burnout, and no significant correlation was observed between sBDNF levels and job burnout. However, the interaction between the job stress and the BDNF rs2049046 genotype (F = 2.709, df = 2, 183, p = 0.032) or between the job stress and sBDNF levels on burnout was significant (t = -2.132, p = 0.035). To be specific, the individuals with the BDNF rs2049046 AT genotype showed a greater susceptibility to the burnout cynicism compared to AA homozygote only in medium-stress group (F = 4.327, df = 1,117, p = 0.015). The individuals who had lower sBDNF showed higher burnout level than those who had higher sBDNF in low-stress group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the BDNF system may interact with job stress to affect burnout, showing that interaction between BDNF rs2049046 and job stress or the interaction between BDNF levels with work stress on certain burnout dimensions. BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental illness that is thought to be associated with brain white matter (WM) alterations. Individual diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies to date have reported inconsistent alterations in FA across different brain regions in patients with PTSD. Here, we aimed to investigate FA in PTSD using both region-of-interest (ROI)-based and whole-brain-based meta-analytic approaches. OBJECTIVES Individual ROI-based meta-analysis was carried out in each eligible white matter tract and seed-based D mapping (SDM) meta-analysis was conducted in the whole brain to identify the convergence of FA alterations in PTSD relative to controls. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in ROI-based meta-analysis (≥ 3 studies were included for each ROI, NPTSD ≥ 80 and Ncontrol ≥ 103 per ROI). Fourteen studies with a total of 322 PTSD and 335 controls were included in whole-brain based meta-analysis. Both ROI and whole-brain meta-analyses showed that patients with PTSD have significantly higher FA in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and lower FA in the genu of corpus callosum. Whole-brain meta-analyses also identified higher FA in the left inferior temporal gyrus and lower FA in the anterior cingulum and left corticospinal tract. LIMITATIONS A small number of studies were included in some ROI tracts. Thus the results should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PTSD patients have increased FA in areas related to visual processing, but decreased FA in anterior brain regions critical to cognition association and fear regulation. V.BACKGROUND Self-disgust has been associated with loneliness and mental health difficulties in clinical and non-clinical populations, but there is limited research on the role of self-disgust in loneliness and mental health outcomes in older adults. METHODS In Study 1 (N = 102; M age = 68.4 years, SD = 10.9, 68% females) we used a cross-sectional survey to explore the association between loneliness, self-disgust and mental health outcomes. In Study 2 (N = 80; M age = 68.8 years, SD = 11.4, 57% females) we used eye-tracking to investigate attentional vigilance, maintenance and avoidance in individuals with high (vs. low) self-disgust. RESULTS In study 1 we found that self-disgust mediated the associations of loneliness with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and in study 2 it was demonstrated that older adults with high (vs. low) self-disgust displayed attentional avoidance to their own faces, compared to the faces of unknown others, a process that may perpetuate loneliness. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design used in Study 1 limits our potential to make causal inferences. Additionally, both studies included a wide age range of older adults. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are novel and highlight the importance of self-disgust experiences in the context of loneliness and mental health outcomes in older adults. Implications for practice and interventions against loneliness in this age group are discussed. V.BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with impaired response inhibition. Given the deficits in emotion regulation associated with SUD, it is unclear if this impairment is exacerbated by emotionally valenced stimuli. Co-occurring conditions may further exacerbate these impairments as many co-occurring conditions further impact emotion regulation. It was hypothesized that negative stimuli may further impact response inhibition for this population. METHODS The current study used the stop-signal task to examine response inhibition to negative, neutral and positive stimuli in a sample of those with a history of SUD and co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Response inhibition was poorer for negative stimuli relative to neutral stimuli. There was no difference between negative and positive stimuli. Depression severity moderated the difference between response inhibition for negative and neutral stimuli. At elevated depression, response inhibition was worse and there was no difference across emotional stimuli. At low depression, there was a significant difference between negative and neutral stimuli. This effect was not found for anxiety symptoms. LIMITATIONS Study participants presented with polysubstance use of varying duration and amount. It is unclear whether findings are attributed to specific substances, or substance use broadly. Additionally, happy, angry, and calm facial emotions were used to represent positive, negative, and neutral valences respectively. It is unclear whether these findings are generalizable to other emotional expressions. CONCLUSION Results suggested that emotionally valenced stimuli affected response inhibition among those with low symptom severity. At elevated symptom severity, response inhibition to all stimuli were impaired. V.BACKGROUND Surprising events are important sources of internal model updating which adjusts expectations for both decision-making and perceptual processing circuits. PACAP138 Anxious individuals display relatively intact updating of internal models used to make decisions, however how these individuals update their perceptual expectations remains poorly understood. Based on previous work, we hypothesized that anxious individuals experienced exaggerated surprise to predictable events, which imbues them with undue salience. METHODS To model the rate of updating of internal models for both decision-making and perceptual processing, we applied a hybrid Rescorla Wagner (RW)/Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) to a change point detection task in a transdiagnostic group of individuals with mood and anxiety disorders and examined the relationship between learning rates and anxiety and negative affect. RESULTS Model comparison provided evidence that decision-making and perceptual processing rely on separate internal models with different learning rates.
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