Notes

Comparative proteomics involving thylakoids coming from Arabidopsis grown within lab along with field situations.
Birds developed endothermy and four-chambered high-performance heart independently from mammals. Though avian embryos are extensively studied and widely used as various models for heart research, little is known about cardiac physiology of adult birds. Meanwhile, cardiac electrophysiology is in search for easily accessible and relevant model objects which resemble human myocardium in the pattern of repolarizing currents (IKr, IKs, IKur and Ito). This study focuses on the configuration of electrical activity and electrophysiological phenotype of working myocardium in adult Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). The resting membrane potential and action potential (AP) waveform in quail atrial myocardium were similar to that in working myocardium of rodents. Using whole-cell patch clamp and sharp glass microelectrodes, we demonstrated that the repolarization of quail atrial and ventricular myocardium is determined by voltage-dependent potassium currents IKr, IKs and Ito - the latter was previously considered as an exclusive evolutionary feature of mammals. The specific blockers of these currents, dofetilide (3 μmol l-1), HMR 1556 (30 μmol l-1) and 4-aminopyridine (3 mmol l-1), prolonged AP in both ventricular and atrial myocardial preparations. The expression of the corresponding channels responsible for these currents in quail myocardium was investigated with quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. In conclusion, the described pattern of repolarizing ionic currents and channels in quail myocardium makes this species a novel and suitable experimental model for translational cardiac research and reveals new information related to the evolution of cardiac electrophysiology in vertebrates.
Animal studies are an important knowledge base when information from clinical trials is missing or conflicting. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of conventional targeted temperature management (TTM) between 32-36 °C in animal cardiac arrest models, and to estimate the influence of effect modifiers on the pooled effect of TTM.

We searched Medline and Scopus from inception to May 2020 for randomised controlled animal trials assessing the effect of conventional TTM versus normothermia on neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. We extracted data on study characteristics, study quality data, neurologic outcome, mortality, and potential effect modifiers.

We retrieved 1635 studies, 45 studies comprising data of 981 animals met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was high in 17 studies and moderate in 28 studies. We undertook random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses to calculate the pooled effect and the influence of effect modifiers. There was a strong beneficial effect of TTM as compared to normothermia on neurologic outcome (standardised mean difference of 1.4 [95% CI -1.7 to -1.1; I
 = 75%]). Faster cooling rates, lower target temperature of TTM within the range of 32-36 °C, and shorter duration of cooling were independently associated with an increasing effect size of TTM.

This systematic review of animal cardiac arrest studies showed a consistent favourable effect of postresuscitation TTM as compared to normothermia on neurologic outcome that increased with lower target temperatures.
This systematic review of animal cardiac arrest studies showed a consistent favourable effect of postresuscitation TTM as compared to normothermia on neurologic outcome that increased with lower target temperatures.
Chest compression (CC) quality is associated with improved out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) outcomes. Citarinostat order Airway management efforts may adversely influence CC quality. We sought to compare the effects of initial laryngeal tube (LT) and initial endotracheal intubation (ETI) airway management strategies upon chest compression fraction (CCF), rate and interruptions in the Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial (PART).

We analyzed CPR process files collected from adult OHCA enrolled in PART. We used automated signal processing techniques and a graphical user interface to calculate CC quality measures and defined interruptions as pauses in chest compressions longer than 3 s. We determined CC fraction, rate and interruptions (number and total duration) for the entire resuscitation and compared differences between LT and ETI using t-tests. We repeated the analysis stratified by time before, during and after airway insertion as well as by successive 3-min time segments. We also compared CC quality between with shorter total CC interruption duration but not other CC quality measures. CC quality may be associated with OHCA airway management.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves cardiac arrest survival. Cough CPR, percussion pacing and precordial thump have been reported as alternative CPR techniques. We aimed to summarise in a systematic review the effectiveness of these alternative CPR techniques.

We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library on 24/08/2020. We included randomised controlled trials, observational studies and case series with five or more patients. Two reviewers independently reviewed title and abstracts to identify studies for full-text review, and reviewed bibliographies and 'related articles' (using PubMed) of full-texts for further eligible studies. We extracted data and performed risk-of-bias assessments on studies included in the systematic review. We summarised data in a narrative synthesis, and used GRADE to assess evidence certainty.

We included 23 studies (cough CPR n = 4, percussion pacing n = 4, precordial thump n = 16; one study studied two interventions). Only two (both precordial thump) had a comparator group ('standard' CPR). For all techniques evidence certainty was very low. Available evidence suggests that precordial thump does not improve survival to hospital discharge in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The review did not find evidence that cough CPR or percussion pacing improve clinical outcomes following cardiac arrest.

Cough CPR, percussion pacing and precordial thump should not be routinely used in established cardiac arrest. In specific inpatient, monitored settings cough CPR (in conscious patients) or percussion pacing may be attempted at the onset of a potential lethal arrhythmia. These must not delay standard CPR efforts in those who lose cardiac output.

CRD42019152925.
CRD42019152925.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/citarinostat-acy-241.html