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Spatial heterogeneity in the concentration and distribution of contaminant groups and redox conditions was observed over lateral distances of tens of meters and vertical distances of tens of centimeters along the two transects. Although the site was situated in a complex glacial depositional environment, lithologic and hydraulic heterogeneity surprisingly only had a modest influence on the spatial distribution of plume contaminants. Depth-discrete sampling along paired, closely spaced transects (~20 m apart) was essential to assess internal plume composition/concentration evolution along flow paths with strong attenuation over short migration distances. This study shows how paired, highly resolved transects can enhance understanding of transverse and longitudinal variability in areas where contaminant-induced redox conditions control reaction zones and strong plume attenuation.Research has demonstrated that students who have immersive experiences in Indigenous settings emerge with a greater understanding of their own values and attitudes and increased appreciation for Indigenous Peoples and culture. Up to 80% of Indigenous people in Australia live in urban settings, yet research on nursing students' placements in urban Indigenous organisations is scarce. This manuscript presents qualitative findings from the analysis of eight third year nursing students' reflective essays, written iteratively across a three-week placement in urban Aboriginal organisations. Reflective journaling was employed as a pedagogical method. All the students reported experiencing profound personal and professional growth. Thematic analysis resulted in three themes 'Working with experience and uncertainty', 'Developing acceptance and understanding' and Becoming allies and advocates'. From the findings, it is evident that despite the logistical issues of a small Indigenous population and a vast nursing cohort, it is important to ensure that all nursing students have opportunities to engage authentically with Indigenous people, in places and spaces of Indigenous authority, and opportunities to reflect on their learnings in the context of their previous understandings.
The use of self-assessment questionnaires in addition to clinical evaluations is gradually increasing. Liverpool Elbow Scale (LES) is an elbow-specific outcome score that provides a comprehensive assessment of by both the clinicians and patients. However, it has not been adapted and validated to Turkish language.
To conduct the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Liverpool Elbow Score-patient answered outcome (LES-PAQ) into Turkish for patients with elbow fracture.
Study of diagnostic accuracy/assessment scale.
This study was carried out in three consecutive phases translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation. In the third phase, we used the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) physical health score.
Sixty-one patients were included for the analysis. Neither a ceiling nor a floor effect was observed. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.89. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.96; p < 0.001). SEM was 0.28 and MDC
was 0.79. The LES-PAQ showed a high negative correlation with the Quick-DASH (r = -0.72, p < 0.001) and high positive correlation with MEPS (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), and with SF-12 physical health subscale (r = 0.73, p < 0.001).
The Turkish version of the LES-PAQ is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of the patients with elbow fracture.
The Turkish version of the LES-PAQ is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of the patients with elbow fracture.
Neck pain is associated with sensorimotor dysfunction. selleck kinase inhibitor Research is sparse of the effect of neck pain on reaction and response times and hand-eye coordination.
To investigate hand and foot reaction and response times and hand-eye coordination in individuals with neck pain and to determine any relationships with clinical features of neck pain.
Sixty individuals with neck pain and 60 controls of similar age and gender were recruited. Tests of simple reaction and response time were measured on the dominant hand and foot. Hand-eye coordination was measured by tracing a variety of coordination patterns with different levels of difficulty. Clinical features measured were intensity and duration of pain, and neck disability.
Hand and foot reaction and response times were significantly slower in the neck pain group compared to controls (all p<0.001). The neck pain group took longer to trace the hand-eye coordination task at the hardest level (p=0.03). Neck disability scores correlated with hand reaction time (r=0.4, p=0.005) and time taken in hand-eye coordination tasks (r=0.2 for all levels, p<0.05). Reaction and response times were correlated with time taken in the hand-eye coordination test (r=0.2-0.4, p<0.01).
Individuals with neck pain had slower hand and foot reaction and response times and impaired hand-eye coordination, suggesting deficits in sensorimotor function. Training speed, as a function of acuity, and hand-eye coordination might be considered in clinical assessment. Further research is needed to identify potential underlying mechanisms of the slower and less well coordinated movement.
Individuals with neck pain had slower hand and foot reaction and response times and impaired hand-eye coordination, suggesting deficits in sensorimotor function. Training speed, as a function of acuity, and hand-eye coordination might be considered in clinical assessment. Further research is needed to identify potential underlying mechanisms of the slower and less well coordinated movement.Previous studies have suggested that the senile ptosis is mostly aponeurotic ptosis. Aponeurotic ptosis, the most common cause of acquired ptosis in elderly adults, results from disinsertion or dehiscence of the levator aponeurosis from the tarsal plate. Müller's Muscle is located below the levator aponeurosis, and its main function is to contribute to a few millimeter in upper eyelid elevation. In recent years, studies have shown that Müller's Muscle plays a more important role in the eye-opening process than previously reported. There are few reports on the changes of smooth muscle component with age in Müller's Muscle. As far as we know, it has not been written up previously. Through histological study on Müller's Muscle of Chinese cadaver specimens, we found that Müller's Muscle contained obvious smooth muscle components above the upper edge of the tarsus in the specimen of a child. However, in elderly specimens, we observed that the smooth muscle components decreased gradually even faded away from originated inferior branch of levator superioris muscle to upper margin of tarsus.
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