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Your molecular etiology and management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
In this work, for the first time, high-resolution neutron imaging (true spatial resolution of 13 μm) is used for irradiated nuclear fuel cladding, applying an adapted procedure for transfer, handling, and measurements of highly radioactive samples in combination with the neutron microscope detector at Paul Scherrer Institut. A sample container referred to as an active box for high-resolution neutron imaging of highly active spent nuclear fuel cladding sections was developed. Sections of unirradiated and irradiated cladding of duplex type, having a liner, with hydrogen average concentrations of 420 wppm and 450 wppm were investigated using this device. The irradiated cladding originated from a fuel rod operated for five cycles in a Swiss pressurized water reactor. The irradiated cladding sample was measured inside the active box. Long circumferential hydride accumulations were revealed together with notable hydride precipitation at the liner-substrate interface. Measurements of the unirradiated cladding in air and inside the active box delivered consistent results, confirming the applicability of the developed device for high-resolution neutron imaging.Many Laue x-ray diffraction systems using the Polaroid XR-7 Land Diffraction Cassette camera became inactive after production of the required high sensitivity Polaroid T-57 instant film ceased. This Tutorial reports on a low-cost solution using the readily available replacement film with push processing to increase the effective film speed. The use of this film in the polaroid camera is described along with film development and digitization. The orientation of single crystals with the obtained data and free software is explained. A simple method to prepare single crystals with surfaces perpendicular to a desired crystallographic orientation is described. The content of this Tutorial may prove beneficial for educational and research laboratories.The success of a microtube hydroforming (μTHF) process heavily depends on the material properties of microtubes, which can reveal the material response under multiaxial stress and influence the formability of hydroformed products. However, these material properties are not well understood because of the limited availability of material testing apparatus that would permit control of axial force and internal pressure simultaneously to mimic realistic μTHF loading. The main purpose of this study is to develop a set of grippers that can transfer required testing loads under fully coupled combinations of axial force and internal pressure. The grippers are designed so that they may be kept at the safe working temperature even when tests are carried out at higher temperatures. The grippers are also designed to fit in a load frame that is integrated in a scanning electron microscope for in situ material testing. The capabilities of the grippers are demonstrated by performing uniaxial and multiaxial material tests on SS304 microtubes with 1 mm outside diameter and 0.15 mm nominal tube wall thickness. The finite element simulations and experimental results show that the designed grippers can firmly hold the specimen and thus enable tensile, compression, torsion, and microtube bulge material tests to be accurately performed.A superconducting gravimeter based on the superconducting quantum interference device system is under development. As the main source of low-frequency noise, temperature fluctuations affect the resolution of superconducting gravimeters. In this study, a set of experimental devices was built to investigate the primary coupling processes of temperature fluctuations in superconducting gravimeters. Under the temperature modulation method, the effects of temperature fluctuations can be expressed as dΦ/dT = 342(2)Φ0/K, which, according to theoretical analysis, corresponds to a displacement change of (1.38 ± 0.04) × 10-7 m/K. Based on these results, the ambient temperature is controlled to within ±100 µK, and the equivalent effect of temperature fluctuations on our superconducting gravimeter is 0.5 μGal.The next generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors require arm lengths measured in tens of kilometers, with each cavity storing megawatts of optical power. The beams are contained in ultrahigh vacuum pipes. Scattered interferometer light in the pipes may reenter the cavities and inject extra noise. The pipes are, therefore, provided with optical baffles necessary to eliminate the scattered light. The design of the vacuum pipes and of the optical baffles is tightly intertwined. selleck chemical We present a thorough discussion that opens the door to the design of an optimized stepped-diameter vacuum pipe system using novel helical baffles. Our analysis suggests that a more efficient pipe design (with special reference to scattered light) may use spiral baffles and sectioned stepped tubes.We describe the design, assembly, and testing of a magnet intended to deflect beams of paramagnetic nanoclusters, molecules, and atoms. It is energized by high-grade permanent neodymium magnets. This offers a convenient option in terms of cost, portability, and scalability of the construction while providing field and gradient values (1.1 T, 330 T/m), which are fully comparable with those of commonly used electromagnet deflectors.A gas switch triggered by μJ laser pulses was developed. The switch employed a 10 mm-gap GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) mounted in parallel with one of its two gaps. The dark current-voltage characteristic of the PCSS was obtained, and the gas switch characteristics at different bias voltages were experimentally investigated. The results indicate that the switch can be triggered reliably by using a 17 µJ laser pulse, and the jitter is less than 3 ns at the bias voltage of 80 kV and 60% of the self-breakdown voltage.This work describes the new facility for applied nuclear physics at the University of Sao Paulo, mainly for irradiation of electronic devices. It is a setup composed of a quadrupole doublet for beam focusing/defocusing plus multiple scattering through gold foils to produce low intensity, large-area, and high-uniformity heavy-ion beams from 1H to 107Ag. Beam intensities can be easily adjusted from 102 particles cm2/s to hundreds of nA for an area as large as 2.0 cm2 and uniformity better than 90%. Its irradiation chamber has a high-precision motorized stage, and the system is controlled by a LabViewTM environment, allowing measurement automation. Design considerations and examples of use are presented.
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