Notes

[Haff disease : shall we be threatened using yet another pandemic?
Background A cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Madinah Almonawra in KSA held during the period from March 2014-March 2015. Aim of the study This study aimed at analyzing the effect of population dynamics on the current situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al-Madinah Almonawarah area, a holy city that attracts millions of muslims annually. Methodology Epidemiological and clinical data were collected by especial questionnaire and laboratory specimens were collected using skin scraping and needle aspiration. Staining and direct microscopy were done. LST was conducted. Analysis was done using SPSS program. Results The study included 164 patients, all of them were men. Saudi nationality comprised around 20% of the study group, the majority were Egyptians, 26.2%, followed by Pakistani, 21.3%. Conclusion The presence of non-Saudi nationality as foreign workers, immigrants and refugees has worsened the current situation of the disease. © 2019 Abdalla et al.Background Odontogenic infections is a cause of mortality and morbidity in maxillofacial patients. This is largely due to resistance of organisms to antibiotics prescribed. Objectives To isolate organisms involved in odontogenic infections and compare the sensitivity of the organisms to Ceftriaxone and Amoxicillin-Clavulanate. Methods The causative organisms and antibiotic sensitivity were determined by the following steps Aspiration of pus done with needle, sample of pus or exudate collected using sterile swab if aspiration was unsuccessful and specimen were placed in transport media (thioglycolatebroth) and sent immediately to microbiology laboratory for culture of organisms and antibiotic sensitivity. Results Out of a total 55 samples taken for bacteriology, 42 (76.4%) yielded positive culture for bacteria. A total number of 21 bacteria species were identified from the positive cultures. Overall, 52% of isolated organisms were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate, 70% were sensitive to Ceftriaxone while 24% were resistant to both antibiotics (Table 3). Ceftriaxone was statistically significantly more potent in inhibiting bacteria growth than amoxicillin-clavulanate (P =0.009). [Table see text]. © 2019 Adamson et al.Background Neopterin, a product of cell-mediated immunity, is a non-specific biomarker of inflammation. Plasma/serum is generally the body fluid of choice for neopterin assessment, but urine is often used as it does away with venepuncture. Analysis of urine neopterin is based on collection of a single urine sample and expressed as µmol neopterin/mol creatinine. Objectives To examine published correlations between plasma neopterin levels and urine neopterincreatinine ratios and to determine whether they are in diagnostic agreement. Methods Literature search was performed by databases and by hand. Databases included Academic Search Complete; Africa-Wide Information; AHFS Consumer Medication Information; eBook Collection (EBSCOhost); Family & Society Studies Worldwide; MasterFILE Premier; MEDLINE; TOC Premier. Results Positive correlations of varying statistical significance generally exist between plasma neopterin and urine neopterin creatinine ratios. With a decline in renal clearance, plasma neopterin over-estimates inflammatory activity. With immune-complex renal disease, urine neopterincreatinine ratios over-estimate systemic inflammation. The two biomarkers can differ in diagnostic validity. Conclusion Correlations between plasma neopterin and urine neopterincreatinine ratios suggest both as suitable biomarkers. However, since correlations reflect equality of means and not individual values, significant correlations, do not necessarily imply diagnostic agreement. Therefore, plasma and urine cannot summarily be assumed interchangeable for diagnostic/prognostic purposes. © 2019 Thomas et al.Background Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is increasingly becoming a clinically relevant organism due to the rising number of associated nosocomial infections. The therapeutic options are extremely minimal because of its ability to develop resistance to all available antimicrobials, including colistin (CST). Data on the clinical and microbiological characteristics of colistin-resistant A. baumannii infections remain scarce to date. Methods In this prospective study, clinical isolates of colistin resistance among Acinetobacter strain was evaluated from the database of Microbiology Laboratory of King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Results In a total of 142 patients with 136 Acinetobacter isolates, Acintobacter baumannii was the predominant serotype 73% of the isolates and Acinetobacter lwoffii constituted 27% of the isolate . There was 8.5% colistin resistant isolates with colistin E-test MIC >4. The clinical characteristics were determined for colistin resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. All patients were critically ill and 64% of them were hositalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). All patients have been previously given antibiotics. Other associated clinical characteristics included; morbid obesity and sleeve gastrectomy (21 %), mechanical ventilation and central venous catheter (50%). High mortality rate was found(28%). Conclusion There is an increase of colistin resistance among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii causing serious infections especially in critically ill patients. © 2019 Elham et al.Background Neonatal Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates despite great advances in antimicrobial therapy and life support measures. Objectives To compare the aetiology, risk factors, presentation and outcomes of care between early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) and late onset neonatal sepsis (LOS). Methods Bacterial isolates were identified using blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using disc diffusion method. selleck kinase inhibitor The risk factors, clinical presentation, laboratory findings and neonatal outcomes of the babies with EOS were compared with LOS. Statistical significance was set at P less then 0.05. Results Neonatal Sepsis was responsible for 16% of Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) admissions. Of the 72 babies with sepsis, 56 (77.8%) had EOS as against 16 (22.2%) who had late-onset sepsis. Low birth weight (p=0.01) and perinatal asphyxia (p=0.01) were significantly associated with EOS while for LOS, delivery outside the health facility (p=0.01) was the only significant risk factor.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/