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Our study provided a cost-effective and efficient medium system to manufacture GMP compatible, off-the-shelf ECs, and SMCs to model human diseases and vascular repair.
Few studies examine how residents can optimize their educational experience in the OR on their terms. This study aimed to examine residents' perceptions of how learners can maximize their education in the OR.

Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, the authors conducted focus groups with general surgery residents, PGY1-5, followed by semi-structured interviews with attending surgeons from a single, academic medical center. Constant comparison was used to identify themes and explore their relationships. Theoretical sampling was used until saturation was achieved.

Residents and attendings participated. Two phases of OR learning were identified, intra-operative and inter-operative. Characters that made optimized learning included control, struggling, and reflection. Residents who practiced self-reflection with their experiences, and were able to articulate this awareness to attendings, felt the OR was an ideal learning environment. Attendings echoed similar findings.

Providing residents with a environment and progress to independence more quickly. This was echoed by practicing attendings. Providing residents with a generalizable, self-regulated learning framework specific to operative educational experiences could maximize learning potential and expedite resident progression in the OR.Unfortunately, many patients in the United States experience disparities in access to surgical care, including geographic constraints, limited transportation and time, and financial hardships. Living in a "surgical care desert" results in a delay in care, driving up health care costs and reducing quality of care. In the age of COVID-19, patient access to health care has been further diminished by physical distancing guidelines, naturally increasing the need for innovative telehealth solutions. In this review, we focus on using smartphones for mobile health technology (mHealth) in the delivery of surgical care. This study is aimed at a general surgical audience that may be interested in exploring how mHealth can improve both access and health care quality for surgical patients and their families. We review the current uses of mHealth by surgeons for surgical site infection, new models of the perioperative surgical home, acute care surgical triage, remote patient monitoring devices, and evaluation and management of surgical consultations in the patient's home. We also review institutional and governmental barriers to the adoption of mHealth and offer some preliminary solutions that may aid the surgeon who wishes to implement this technology in their day-to-day practice.Agricultural activities often lead to nutrient enrichment and habitat modification in rivers, possibly altering macroinvertebrate assemblages and hence ecosystem functioning. Savolitinib For the sake of environmental management and conservation, therefore, assessing the impacts of agricultural activities becomes indispensable, especially when these activities are predicted to be intensified in the future. In this study, the plain river network in the Lake Chaohu Basin was chosen to examine how agricultural activities influence the functioning of rivers by assessing land use, water quality, habitat condition and macroinvertebrate assemblages, followed by calculating the macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index (MMI) to indicate overall ecosystem health of the rivers. We found that agricultural activities lowered the diversity of macroinvertebrates (e.g. total number of taxa and Simpson index) primarily due to elevated ammonium concentrations in water and reduced microhabitat types, thereby impairing the habitat integrity and nutrient cycling of rivers. The macroinvertebrate-based MMI was positively correlated with increasing habitat quality but negatively with increasing nutrient concentrations, suggesting its high reliability for indicating the impacts of agricultural activities, which was further substantiated by classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. We recommend analyzing macroinvertebrate assemblages using both multivariate and multimetric approaches to offer a more comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of agricultural activities on ecosystem health. Some environmental (CODMn, NH4+-N and PO43--P) and biological parameters (total number of taxa), however, can be used as good proxies for MMI, when time and resources for gathering information to develop MMI are limited.Field measurements of radionuclide activities in soil samples via gamma spectroscopy measurements are conducted for many applications. One example application space is on-site inspection for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. To extract isotopic activities from observed peak counting rates, it is necessary to understand the absolute efficiency of the detector system for a sample. In principle, this efficiency is a function of many parameters, such as sample geometry, soil elemental composition, and soil density. The demands of field measurements within the context of on-site inspections, however, places a premium on an easy-to-implement approach at the possible expense of accuracy given the need to process many samples in a short period of time. This paper presents a semi-empirical approach, using a calibrated standard and a correction that depends only on the relative differences in density of the sample and the standard. Field measurements were conducted to demonstrate the validity of the approach.A discrepancy, well outside reported uncertainties, has been observed between the accepted and measured values of the intensity ratio of the two strongest γ rays following 61Cu β+ decay. This discrepancy has significant impact since the natNi(d,x)61Cu reaction has historically been one of only a few IAEA recommendations for use as a deuteron flux monitor and a considerable number of published cross sections measured in ratio to that beam monitor cross section may depend on the choice of either the first or second strongest γ ray in those calculations. To determine the magnitude of this error most precisely, over a hundred separate measurements of the 283 keV to 656 keV γ-ray emission ratio were collected from seven experiments and a variety of detectors and detection geometries. A weighted average of all these measurements indicates an error in the value listed in the Nuclear Data Sheets of 11% in either the primary or second-highest intensity γ ray of 61Cu, potentially introducing an 11% error in 61Cu production cross section measurements, cross sections using nickel activation as a deuteron beam current monitor, or in dose rates when 61Cu is used in nuclear medicine.
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