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Epidemiology, analysis method and therapeutic treatments for tailgut nodule: A deliberate evaluate.
This chapter reviews the status and scope of U.S. leadership education programs in higher education with a focus on the professionalization of leadership education programs and developing role of leadership educators. Findings from a national study of student leadership capacity and leadership efficacy by academic major are included. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Engineering is developing extensive leadership education, supporting future professional engineers to engage with others in solving complex sociotechnical problems. A contemporary challenge is to integrate leadership learning into foundational coursework requirements. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE Although octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite (OCP/Col) has demonstrated excellent bone regeneration, it has never achieved bone augmentation. The present study investigated whether it could be enabled by OCP/Col disks treated with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and covered with a poly-lactic acid (PLA) cage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prepared OCP/Col disks with three different types of PLA cages (no hole, one large hole, several small holes) were implanted into subperiosteal pockets in rodent calvaria. Histological, and histomorphometric analyses were conducted at 12 weeks after implantation. RESULTS Implants with all PLA cage variants achieved sufficient bone augmentation, and analyses showed that new bone was formed from the original bone and along the PLA cage. While the PLA cage variant with no holes sporadically evoked new bone formation even at the central area of the roof of the PLA cage, the PLA cage variants with holes had no new bone in the area of the hole or beneath the periosteum. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that sufficient bone augmentation could be achieved by treating the OCP/Col disks with PTH and covering them with a PLA cage, and periosteum might not have been involved in the bone formation in this experiment. © 2020 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.With the rapid growth in wearable electronics sensing devices, flexible sensing devices that monitor the human body have shown great promise in personalized healthcare. In the study, high-quality GaN pn junction microwire arrays with different aspect ratios and large-area uniformity are fabricated through an easy, repeatable fabrication process. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33 ) of GaN pn junction microwire arrays increases from 7.23 to 14.46 pm V-1 with the increasing of the aspect ratio, which is several times higher than that of GaN bulk material. Furthermore, flexible ultrasensitive strain sensor based on GaN microwires with the highest d33 is demonstrated to achieve the maximum open circuit voltage of 10.4 V, and presents excellent durability with stable output signals over 10 000 cycles with a response time of 50 ms. As a flexible and wearable sensor attached to the human skin, the GaN microwire pn junction arrays with such a high degree of uniformity can precisely monitor subtle human pulse and motions, which show great promise in future personalized healthcare. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Naphthalene is a very important skeleton in chemistry as evidenced by the large number of active compounds that contain it. For this reason, methods that can achieve easy functionalization of naphthalene derivatives are of great importance. This Minireview summarizes reactions that allow regioselective functionalization of 1-substituted naphthalenes based on directed C-H activation strategies. Indeed, over the past ten years, many research groups have tried to develop new methodologies to directly introduce different functional groups on every position of naphthalene. In addition to the possible reactions reported in the literature, special attention has been paid to mechanistic aspects in order to explain the observed regioselectivities. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Electrocatalytic water splitting as one of the most promising methods storing the renewable energy generated by intermittent sources, such as solar and wind energy, has attracted tremendous attention in recent years. Developing efficient, robust, and green catalysts for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) is of great interest. Here, we present a facile and green approach of producing RuNi/RuNi-oxide nano-heterostructures by controllable partial oxidation of RuNi nanoalloy, which is characterized and confirmed by various techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectra. This nano-heterostructure demonstrates outstanding bi-functional activities for catalyzing the HER and OER which are both among the lowest reported values in the literatures. In a practical alkali-water splitting electrolyzer, it also achieves a record-low cell voltage of 1.42 V at 10 mA cm -2 current, significantly superior to commercial RuO 2 //Pt/C couple and other bi-functional water-splitting electrocatalysts presented previously. Density functional theory calculation is employed to elaborate the effect of Ni incorporation. This simple catalyst preparation approach is expected to be transferrable to other electrocatalytic reactions. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND The significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in prostate cancer (PC) is unclear. A recent report of patients with pT2N0R0 PC found that PNI at prostatectomy was independently associated with higher Gleason score and more diffuse prostatic disease. We aimed to test our hypothesis that PNI on prostate biopsy in pT2N0R0 patients is associated with increased Gleason score upgrading at prostatectomy. METHODS We identified 2892 patients status post prostatectomy with pT2N0R0 PC from three institutions, diagnosed between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2014. Multivariable logistic regression (MVA) was used to evaluate the association between prostate biopsy PNI status and surgical Gleason upgrading, while controlling for potential confounders. Cabotegravir supplier RESULTS Of the 2892 patients identified, 14% had PNI on biopsy, of whom 21% had surgical Gleason upgrading, while 28% without PNI on biopsy had such upgrading (P 4 ng/mL (OR 1.26, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS In post-prostatectomy patients with favorable-risk PC, PNI on prostate biopsy was not associated with surgical Gleason score upgrading.
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