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Neighborhood Starvation and Probability of Age-Related Eyesight Ailments: A Follow-up Study in Sweden.
Marine food-reliant subsistence systems such as those in the African Middle Stone Age (MSA) were not thought to exist in Europe until the much later Mesolithic. Whether this apparent lag reflects taphonomic biases or behavioral distinctions between archaic and modern humans remains much debated. Figueira Brava cave, in the Arrábida range (Portugal), provides an exceptionally well preserved record of Neandertal coastal resource exploitation on a comparable scale to the MSA and dated to ~86 to 106 thousand years ago. The breadth of the subsistence base-pine nuts, marine invertebrates, fish, marine birds and mammals, tortoises, waterfowl, and hoofed game-exceeds that of regional early Holocene sites. H-Cys(Trt)-OH ic50 Fisher-hunter-gatherer economies are not the preserve of anatomically modern people; by the Last Interglacial, they were in place across the Old World in the appropriate settings. Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.Hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanowires have emerged as a promising platform for realizing topological superconductivity (TSC). Here, we present a route to TSC using magnetic flux applied to a full superconducting shell surrounding a semiconducting nanowire core. Tunneling into the core reveals a hard induced gap near zero applied flux, corresponding to zero phase winding, and a gapped region with a discrete zero-energy state around one applied flux quantum, corresponding to 2π phase winding. Theoretical analysis indicates that the winding of the superconducting phase can induce a transition to a topological phase supporting Majorana zero modes. Measured Coulomb blockade peak spacing around one flux quantum shows a length dependence that is consistent with the existence of Majorana modes at the ends of the nanowire. Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.BACKGROUND Improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare is an international priority. A range of complex ward based quality initiatives have been developed over recent years, perhaps the most influential programme has been Productive Ward Releasing Time to Care. The programme aims to improve work processes and team efficiency with the aim of 'releasing time', which would be used to increase time with patients ultimately improving patient care, although this does not form a specific part of the programme. This study aimed to address this and evaluate the impact using recent methodological advances in complex intervention evaluation design. METHOD The objective of this study was to assess the impact of an augmented version of The Productive Ward Releasing Time to Care on staff and patient outcomes. The design was a naturalistic stepped-wedge trial. The setting included fifteen wards in two acute hospitals in a Scottish health board region. The intervention was the Productive Ward Releasing Time to Care auions within six months of discharge. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that the augmented version of The Productive Ward Releasing Time to Care Intervention was successful in improving a number of dimensions of nurse experience and ward culture, in addition to improved patient experience and evaluations of the quality of care received. Despite these positive summary findings across all wards, intervention implementation appeared to vary between wards. By addressing the contextual factors, which may influence these variations, and tailoring some elements of the intervention, it is likely that greater improvements could be achieved. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UKCRN 14195. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.BACKGROUND Planning numbers of nursing staff allocated to each hospital ward (the 'staffing establishment') is challenging because both demand for and supply of staff vary. Having low numbers of registered nurses working on a shift is associated with worse quality of care and adverse patient outcomes, including higher risk of patient safety incidents. Most nurse staffing tools recommend setting staffing levels at the average needed but modelling studies suggest that this may not lead to optimal levels. OBJECTIVE Using computer simulation to estimate the costs and understaffing/overstaffing rates delivered/caused by different approaches to setting staffing establishments. METHODS We used patient and roster data from 81 inpatient wards in four English hospital Trusts to develop a simulation of nurse staffing. Outcome measures were understaffed/overstaffed patient shifts and the cost per patient-day. We compared staffing establishments based on average demand with higher and lower baseline levels, using an evideblishments with flexible staffing saved money because shifts were unfilled rather than due to efficiencies. Thus, employing low numbers of permanent staff (and relying on temporary staff and redeployments) risks quality of care and patient safety. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralogue, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), play pivotal roles in promoting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the regulatory mechanism underpinning aberrant activation of YAP/TAZ in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we globally profiled the contribution of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) to both transcriptional activity and protein abundance of YAP/TAZ in HCC models and identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) as a potent YAP/TAZ-activating DUB. Mechanistically, USP10 directly interacted with and stabilized YAP/TAZ by reverting their proteolytic ubiquitination. Depletion of USP10 enhanced polyubiquitination of YAP/TAZ, promoted their proteasomal degradation, and ultimately arrested the proliferation of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Expression levels of USP10 positively correlated with the abundance of YAP/TAZ in HCC patient samples as well as in N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer mice models. Collectively, this study establishes the causal link between USP10 and hyperactivated YAP/TAZ in HCC cells and provides a rationale for potential therapeutic interventions in the treatment of HCC patients harboring a high level of YAP/TAZ.
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