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In the study group, 4 patients died, and 1 patient required retransplantation within the first year post-LT (all unrelated to HCV); 56 patients received DAAs therapy, with a median time from LT to the start of DAAs treatment of 66.9 days (interquartile range [IQR], 36-68.5), and 51 patients completed DAAs treatment, all achieving sustained virologic response for 12 or more weeks (SVR-12) (1 patient required retreatment due to relapse following initial DAA therapy). No patients had evidence of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) or extrahepatic manifestations of HCV. This report indicates that transplantation of DNAT+ livers into rHCV- and subsequent DAAs therapy is associated with clinical outcomes comparable to those achieved with DNAT- allografts.This study tested whether the effect of treatment intensity or treatment style on children's frequency and maturity of spontaneous communication varied by initial severity of disability. Eighty-seven toddlers with autism spectrum disorders were randomly assigned to either (a) 15 hrs per week of discrete trial teaching (DTT), (b) 25 hrs per week of DTT, (c) 15 hrs per week of a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention (NDBI), or (d) 25 hrs per week of NDBI. Trained research staff implemented the 11 treatments in homes or educational centers over 12 months. We quantified the frequency and maturity of spontaneous communication during monthly 6-min communication samples. We quantified disability severity at Time 1 using the developmental quotient from the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the total calibrated severity score from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-second edition. Higher levels of treatment intensity (i.e., more hours per week) benefited frequency and maturity of spontaneous communication growth rate only in children with relatively mild autism symptoms. Other results were nonsignificant. Autism Res 2020, 13 1902-1912. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC LAY SUMMARY Eighty-seven toddlers with autism spectrum disorders were randomly assigned to 15 hrs per week of discrete trial teaching (DTT), 25 hrs per week of DTT, 15 hrs per week of a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention (NDBI), or 25 hrs per week of NDBI. Trained research staff implemented the treatments in homes or educational centers over 12 months. More hours of treatment per week benefited frequency and maturity of spontaneous communication growth rate only in children with relatively mild autism symptoms. Other results were nonsignificant.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between maternal employment and infant BMI z score.
Longitudinal data from 520 mother-infant dyads participating in the Nurture Study, an observational cohort in the southeastern United States, were leveraged. Women were categorized as employed or nonemployed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and measured anthropometrics were used to calculate infants' BMI z scores at the corresponding time points. BMI z score was defined using the World Health Organization standard. Household income was an effect modifier. Therefore, income-stratified (≤$40,000/y vs. >$40,000/y) linear regression models, with individual fixed effects, were used to examine associations between change in maternal employment status and BMI z scores among infants aged 3 to 12 months. Fixed effects controlled for time-invariant confounders (race/ethnicity, infant gender). This study also controlled for marital status and infant age.
More women from higher-income (68.4%) versus lower-income households (52.6%) were employed. Among lower-income households, change from nonemployment to employment was associated with higher infant BMI z scores (β = 0.12; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.25, P = 0.07). Among higher-income households, change in maternal employment status was associated with lower infant BMI z scores (β = -0.72; 95% CI -1.17 to -0.27, P = 0.02).
Maternal employment was related to infant adiposity. The direction of the association varied by household-level income.
Maternal employment was related to infant adiposity. The direction of the association varied by household-level income.Self-assembly is important for creating photonic structures and structural color is typically tunable by varying the size of building blocks, which are themselves obtained after time-consuming chemical syntheses. The molecular conformation of bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) in solution can be manipulated to create libraries of photonic structures. Amphiphilic BBCPs bearing oxidation-responsive ferrocene groups on the hydrophilic block are used to fabricate porous particles via evaporation-induced self-assembly of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions stabilized by the BBCP surfactant. In situ oxidation of the ferrocene groups by hydrogen peroxide at the W/O interface leads to enhanced hydrophilicity, more hydration, and chain extension of the hydrophilic block. Consequently, larger internal water droplets are spontaneously formed, yielding larger pores within the microparticles. The pore diameter is readily tunable from 144 to 301 nm with a single BBCP, thereby generating full-spectrum structural colors. This work provides a straightforward method for fabrication of libraries of photonic pigments in an easy and scalable manner.
Based on the recent advancements in cell therapy techniques, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transurethral injection of autologous adipose-derived stem cells, muscle-derived stem cells, and co-cultured cells for the rehabilitation of stress urinary incontinence rat models. AZD9291 mouse We hypothesized that the utilization of co-cultured stem cells could result in enhanced therapeutic outcomes attributed to their more comprehensive environment of paracrine factors and cytokines.
We performed bilateral pudendal nerve transection surgeries to simulate urinary incontinence in 25 female Wistar rats and employed urodynamic evaluations to confirm the injury. We autologously isolated and cultured adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, muscle-derived stem cells, and a mixed culture of the two types, which we subsequently injected into the urethral lumen of the damaged animals. Three weeks after the injection, urodynamic assays, histological staining, and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed to determine the efficacy of the implanted cell cultures in sphincter function improvements or structural modifications.
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