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High speed photoelectronic optical phased arrays are demonstrated by vertically arranged GaAs-AlGaAs slab waveguides. The optical phased arrays are composed of 15-channel independently tuned waveguide with end-fire emission. We achieve a very fast beam steering step response of 0.34 µs, beam divergence of 4.7°, and beam steering ranges of around 30°with side lobe level better than 8 dB. The presented optical phased arrays provide a superior approach for high speed beam steering on a nano-photoelectronic integrated chip.An easy-fabricating superdirective antenna with needlelike radiation in the microwave band is proposed for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The electromagnetic field of the superdirective antenna excited by an electric line source is calculated. The parameters of the superdirective antenna are obtained by optimization algorithms. A two-step optimization method is carried out to reduce the difficulty of fabrication. The mechanism of superdirectivity in the microwave band is explained briefly by traditional multilayered dielectric resonances. A machinable 10-layered superdirective antenna, using this method, is proposed. Unlike traditional superdirective antennas, the proposed antenna, after two-step optimization in this paper, has all-positive integral permittivities, which reduce the fabrication difficulty significantly.Three-beam rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) measurements performed in highly scattering environments are susceptible to contamination by two-beam CARS signals generated by the pump-probe and Stokes-probe interactions at the measurement volume. If this occurs, differences in the Raman excitation bandwidth between the two-beam and three-beam CARS signals can add significant errors to the spectral analysis. This interference to the best of our knowledge has not been acknowledged in previous three-beam rotational CARS experiments, but may introduce measurement errors up to 25% depending on the temperature, amount of scattering, and differences between the two-beam and three-beam Raman excitation bandwidths. In this work, the presence of two-beam CARS signal contamination was experimentally verified using a femtosecond-picosecond rotational CARS instrument in two scattering environments (1) a fireball generated by a laboratory-scale explosion that contained particulate matter, metal fragments, and soot, and (2) a flow of air and small liquid droplets. A polarization scheme is presented to overcome this interference. By rotating Akti-1/2 price and Stokes polarizations +55∘ and -55∘ from the probe, respectively, the two-beam and three-beam CARS signals are orthogonally polarized and can be separated using a polarization analyzer. Using this polarization arrangement, the Raman-resonant three-beam CARS signal amplitude is reduced by a factor of 2.3 compared to the case where all polarizations are parallel. This method is successfully demonstrated in both scattering environments. A theoretical model is presented, and the temperature measurement error is studied for different experimental conditions. The criteria for when this interference may be present are discussed.A layer of fluorinated reduced graphene oxide (FrGO), as an alternative hole transport (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a PBDB-TITIC active layer, is reported. OSC configuration is ITO/HTL/PBDB-TITIC/PFN/FM; FM is Field's metal, a eutectic alloy deposited at room atmosphere. PEDOTPSS, FrGO/PEDOTPSS, and FrGO are tested as HTLs; the average efficiencies of 8.8, 8.2, and 5.3%, respectively, are reached. Inhomogeneity of the FrGO layer is determined as the main factor that affects the photovoltaic behavior and stability. Device stability is very acceptable, sometimes with a superior behavior than data previously reported; FM also could potentially contribute to this enhanced stability.Coaxial multiple holographic lenses as high-dispersion elements are developed for a spectral confocal displacement measurement device. Wavelength and coaxial spatial multiplexing methods are used to record the holographic lens with two coaxial foci. The expansion of axial spatial dispersion in photopolymer-based multiple holographic lenses has been demonstrated and studied experimentally. #link# The multiple holographic lenses provide a larger spatial dispersion to improve the characteristic parameters for measuring the displacement. Compared to single holographic lenses, the maximum of axial dispersion wavelength difference of the multiple lenses increases from 134.63 to 162.81 nm, and the corresponding measurable range increases from 203 to 385 mm. The axial spatial dispersion conforms to a typical exponential function. The overall spatial position sensitivity of multiple holographic lenses reaches 2.36 mm/nm. In addition, the multiple lenses also decrease the lateral dispersion compared to the single lenses. The multiple lenses can efficiently reduce the transverse measurement error. Finally, the displacement measurement result confirms the improvement of measureable spatial range. The multiple holographic lenses can accelerate the practical application of holographic lens-based optical elements.High-precision 3D topography measurement is essential to ensure quality and performance of shaft parts. Generally, the main difficulty of measuring rotary objects on a turntable is the low accuracy of axis calibration. To solve this problem, this study introduces two methods for calibrating the rotation axis of the turntable and proposes a method for reconstructing the 3D shape of the object by converting the rotation axis parameters of the binocular vision. A calibration camera is used to shoot a 2D checkerboard calibration board against the rotating table, and the calibration process of a high-precision space rotation axis is developed and implemented. This laser vision measurement system consists of a calibration camera, a measurement camera, and a rotation system. This system can realize reconstruction of the 3D shape of the object in accordance with the rotation axis parameters in any position. The experiment on measuring standard parts verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm. It provides a new idea for the measurement of rotary object shapes.
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