Notes

[Announced helped suicide inside Swiss: an incident report].
Age-associated loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) has a profound effect on the quality of life in the elderly. Our previous studies show that CuZnSOD deletion in mice (Sod1-/- mice) recapitulates sarcopenia phenotypes, including elevated oxidative stress and accelerated muscle atrophy, weakness, and disruption of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). To determine whether deletion of Sod1 initiated in neurons in adult mice is sufficient to induce muscle atrophy, we treated young (2- to 4-month-old) Sod1flox/SlickHCre mice with tamoxifen to generate i-mn-Sod1KO mice. CuZnSOD protein was 40-50% lower in neuronal tissue in i-mn-Sod1KO mice. Motor neuron number in ventral spinal cord was reduced 28% at 10 months and more than 50% in 18- to 22-month-old i-mn-Sod1KO mice. By 24 months, 22% of NMJs in i-mn-Sod1KO mice displayed a complete lack of innervation and deficits in specific force that are partially reversed by direct muscle stimulation, supporting the loss of NMJ structure and function. Muscle mass was significantly reduced by 16 months of age and further decreased at 24 months of age. Overall, our findings show that neuronal-specific deletion of CuZnSOD is sufficient to cause motor neuron loss in young mice, but that NMJ disruption, muscle atrophy, and weakness are not evident until past middle age. These results suggest that loss of innervation is critical but may not be sufficient until the muscle reaches a threshold beyond which it cannot compensate for neuronal loss or rescue additional fibers past the maximum size of the motor unit.Standardization in process design and operation is needed in the commercial production of human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. Lot sizing in the filling of hiPS cells into containers, a part of the preservation process, also needs to be standardized because of the temporal changes in cell quality during the process. Here, we present an apoptosis-based method that can determine lot sizes in the filling of hiPS cells considering temporal changes in cell quality. Two indicators were developed for (i) the cell quality change using reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement and (ii) the cell survival and probability of filling success, which are parts of the lot-sizing problem. Using computational simulation, a map out of the optimal lot size was produced that minimized the expected production costs at a given cell demand and an acceptable change in cell quality. At a filling temperature of 4°C, the largest possible lot size was calculated as 6 L (corresponding to a filling time of 125 min). The results of a sensitivity analysis recommended cold filling or the addition of an antioxidant. The presented method is effective to determine the lot size considering the change in cell quality during filling. The study uniquely combines the experimental results with mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques. The map out of the optimal lot size could guide the development of industrial filling processes of hiPS cells.
To report the cumulative articular and extraarticular damage in Arab children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to identify variables that correlate with disease damage.

We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study among 14 pediatric rheumatology centers from 7 Arab countries. JIA patients who met the International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria and had a disease duration of >1 year were enrolled. Disease activity status was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report. Disease damage was assessed by the Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index, articular (JADI-A) and extraarticular (JADI-E).

A total of 702 (471 female) JIA patients with a median age of 11.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 8.0-14.0 years) were studied. Median age at disease onset was 5 years (IQR 2.0-9.0 years) and the median disease duration was 4 years (IQR 2.0-7.0 years). The most frequent JIA categories were oligoarticular JIA (34.9%), polyarticular JIA (29.5%), and systemic JIA (24.5%). Clinical remission was achieved in 73.9% of patients. #link# At the last clinic visit, 193 patients experienced joint damage, with a mean ± SD JADI-A score of 1.7 ± 4.5, while 156 patients had extraarticular damage, with a mean ± SD JADI-E score of 0.5 ± 1.1. Patients with enthesitis-related arthritis had the highest JADI-A score. JADI-A correlated significantly with the presence of a family history of JIA. JADI-A and JADI-E had a significant correlation with long disease duration.

learn more was common in this Arab JIA cohort, and consanguinity and JIA in a sibling were frequent findings and were associated with a greater cumulative damage.
Cumulative damage was common in this Arab JIA cohort, and consanguinity and JIA in a sibling were frequent findings and were associated with a greater cumulative damage.
Both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are characterised by dysregulated immune responses. Though previous studies have demonstrated the coexistence of IBD and CRS, investigations of their association using large sets of epidemiologic data are lacking.

We examined IBD and the subsequent risk of CRS in a nationwide setting. For 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2010, we identified in the National Health Insurance Dataset of Taiwan a total of 8313 patients over the age of 20years with IBD. We randomly extracted 33252 cases without IBD to create a comparison group matching patients by age, sex and index year. Cumulative incidences were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method, and we calculated risk estimates for the development of CRS using the Cox proportional hazards model.

In 295007 person-years, we identified 521 (1.25%) cases of IBD. The IBD cohort had a 1.26-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.35) greater risk of developing CRS than the comparison group; for ulcerative colitis, it was 1.73-fold (95% CI, 1.48-2.05) and for Crohn's disease it was 1.20-fold (95% CI=1.11-1.29). Subsequent analysis stratified by age revealed that the risk was highest among the population with IBD aged 50 to 64years (adjusted hazard ratio=1.37; 95% CI, 1.18-1.59). A follow-up-specific analysis demonstrated that the risk appeared to be highest with a follow-up duration of less than 2years.

The present analysis indicates that personal history of IBD, especially the phenotype ulcerative colitis, is associated with increased risk of subsequent CRS.
The present analysis indicates that personal history of IBD, especially the phenotype ulcerative colitis, is associated with increased risk of subsequent CRS.
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