Notes

Hereditary Impacts upon Hippocampal Subfields: An Emerging Area of Neuroscience Analysis.
Current nomograms predicting survival prognosis after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are based on peripherally located tumors. However, patients with a central lung tumor tend to be older, the tumor is often larger and fraction-schedules are risk-adapted. Therefore, we developed and externally validated a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) in patients having centrally located early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT.

Patients who underwent SBRT for centrally located NSCLC were identified and baseline characteristics were obtained. A nomogram was built to predict 6-month, 1-, 2- and 3-year OS using Cox proportional hazards model. The model building procedure was validated using bootstrap sampling. To determine generalizability, external validation was performed on a cohort of patients with central NSCLC treated with SBRT from another center. Discriminatory ability was measured with the concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots were used to compare Kaplan-Meier-estimated and nomogram-predicted OS.

The nomogram was built on data of 220 patients and consisted of the following variables PTV, age, WHO performance status, tumor lobe location and ultracentral location. The C-index of the nomogram (corrected for optimism) was moderate at 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.69). Calibration plots showed favorable predictive accuracy. The external validation showed acceptable validity with a C-index of 0.62 (95% CI 0.61-0.64).

We developed and externally validated the first nomogram to estimate the OS-probability in patients with centrally located NSCLC treated with SBRT. This nomogram is based on 5 patient and tumor characteristics and gives an individualized survival prediction.
We developed and externally validated the first nomogram to estimate the OS-probability in patients with centrally located NSCLC treated with SBRT. This nomogram is based on 5 patient and tumor characteristics and gives an individualized survival prediction.
Prediction of early progression in glioblastoma may provide an opportunity to personalize treatment. Simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI offers quantitative estimates of diffusion and perfusion metrics. We investigated whether these metrics, during chemoradiation, could predict treatment outcome.

38 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma undergoing 6-week/30-fraction chemoradiation had standardized post-operative MRIs at baseline (radiation planning), and at the 10th and 20th fractions. AG-120 in vitro Non-overlapping T1-enhancing (T1C) and non-enhancing T2-FLAIR hyperintense regions were independently segmented. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC
, ADC
) and perfusion fraction (f
, f
) maps were generated with simplified IVIM modelling. Parameters associated with progression before or after 6.9months (early vs late progression, respectively), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were investigated.

Higher ADC
at baseline [Odds Ratio (OR)=1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.15, p=0.025], lower f
at fraction 10 (OR=2.11, 95% CI 1.04-4.27, p=0.018), and lack of increase in ADC
at fraction 20 compared to baseline (OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.22, p=0.02) were associated with early progression. Combining ADC
at baseline, f
at fraction 10, ECOG and MGMT promoter methylation status significantly improved AUC to 90.3% compared to a model with only ECOG and MGMT promoter methylation status (p=0.001). Using multivariable analysis, neither IVIM metrics were associated with OS but higher f
at fraction 10 (HR=0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.95, p=0.018) was associated with longer PFS.

ADC
at baseline, its lack of increase from baseline to fraction 20, or f
at fraction 10 significantly predicted early progression. f
at fraction 10 was associated with PFS.
ADCT2-FLAIR at baseline, its lack of increase from baseline to fraction 20, or fT2-FLAIR at fraction 10 significantly predicted early progression. fT2-FLAIR at fraction 10 was associated with PFS.
To investigate the relationship between deformable image registration (DIR) recalculated dose on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity in postoperative prostate cancer patients treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy and its actual delivered dose.

A total of 114 patients were retrospectively studied. Delineation of rectum and bladder was performed on each CBCT image. Actual delivered dose on CBCT available fraction was recalculated using DIR. Dosimetric parameters of rectum and bladder were then evaluated by Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic study. Differences in mean volume between patients with grade 0-1 and grade 2-5 CTCAEv5.0 toxicities were compared. Relationship between toxicity and radiation volume was analyzed using logit analysis.

Significant differences between the actual and planned dose-volume were observed in nearly all doses of rectum. High-grade acute rectal toxicity was significantly associated with planned dsidered as a novel approach for reducing toxicity.
Baseline lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) was reported as a potential predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and a prognostic biomarker for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it remains unclear whether LIPI is associated with outcomes in locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC).

Patients with LA-NSCLC receiving radiotherapy between 2000 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on pretreatment dNLR and LDH level made up LIPI per previous publications, patients were divided into good group (0 score) and intermediate-poor group (1 or 2 scores). Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance confounding variables.

A total of 1079 patients were eligible for analysis. Patients with intermediate-poor pretreatment LIPI had inferior overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) than those with good LIPI. Multivariate analysis suggested that LIPI was an independent prognostic marker for OS (hazard ratio [HR]=1.19, 95% CI 1.02-1.40), PFS (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.36), and LRRFS (HR=1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.41) in patients with inoperable LA-NSCLC. PSM analysis further verified that intermediate-poor LIPI was an independent prognostic factor for shorter survivals (OS, PFS and LRRFS).

LIPI is a simple and promising prognostic marker for patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC. Further prospected studies are warranted to validated these findings.
LIPI is a simple and promising prognostic marker for patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC. Further prospected studies are warranted to validated these findings.
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