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Scientific research associated with lung CT wounds and related bronchiectasis throughout One hundred fifteen convalescent individuals along with book coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) within China.
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are of international public health concern. Of more concern are people living with HIV (PLHIV), who have the increased risk of developing NCDs, such as hypertension, stroke and diabetes. Research has revealed that there is a relationship between knowledge of NCD risk factors and risk perceptions in the general population. Therefore, an assessment of PLHIV's NCD risk factors knowledge is quite critical, to design effective NCD prevention programmes. Objective To assess the level of knowledge of modifiable risk factors for NCDs and its associated factors among adults living with HIV in Rwanda. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative design was used to collect the data. The study targeted PLHIV who visited the out-patients' public health centres in three purposively selected provinces of Rwanda. The knowledge assessment questionnaire relating to risk factors for chronic diseases of lifestyle was used to collect the data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results Of the 794 respondents, 64.6% were women, and the mean age was 37.9 (±10.8) years. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents (65.0%) had low levels of knowledge about NCD risk factors, while some (35.6%) were of the opinion that they had a low risk of contracting NCDs. Good knowledge was significantly associated with high educational status, a low CD4+ cell count ( less then 350 cells/mm3) and normotension. Conclusion The current study findings highlight the need for comprehensive health education, to raise awareness of non-communicable diseases' risk factors for adults living with HIV in Rwanda. © 2019 Biraguma et al.Background HIV diagnosis comes with a lot of worry and distress. Ability to objectively estimate this distress by non-psychiatrist will enhance early detection of psychological distress for intervention. Objectives To investigate the validity of the Distress Thermometer (DT) and its problem checklist in achieving early detection of mental distress among ART-naïve HIV infected patient. Materials and Methods A total of 90 ART-naïve HIV infected patients completed the DT and its problem check list, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Oslo Social Support Scale and the 14-item Resilience Scale. Results The DT was positively correlated with all the measures of distress and reversely correlated with all the positive wellness in this study. The correlations were only significant for the negative measures of psychological wellness. The internal consistency of the DT's problem list overall and sub-categories were within acceptable range (i.e. α > 0.50). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area Under the Curves (AUC) analysis were significant and found the DT and Problem List to respectively differentiate between cases of distress, anxiety and depression. The DT's cut-off was >5.0 with AUC range (0.754 - 0.709); sensitivity range (81.0% - 70.4%); specificity range (68.3% - 65.2%) for distress, anxiety and depression as determined by HADS. And the Problem List cut-off was >6.0 with AUC range (0.854 - 0.821); sensitivity range (90.5% - 85.7%); specificity range (68.3% - 65.2%) for distress, anxiety and depression as measured by HADS. Conclusion The DT and Problem List were found to be valid measures of distress in ART-naïve HIV infected patients. © 2019 Obiajulu et al.Background Self-esteem is a major psychological health issue. People living with HIV and AIDS have been found to be victims of discrimination and stigmatization which affect their self-esteem. Objectives The study investigated the influence of stigma and discrimination on self-esteem of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV). Methods The design was a cross-sectional study carried out in four teaching hospitals in south-eastern Nigeria between 13th July 2016 - 11th May 2017. Four hundred and eighty-four (174 males and 310 females) PLHIV participated in the study. Quantitative study supplemented by qualitative in-depth interviews were used to collect data regarding discrimination, stigma and self-esteem of PLHIV whilst a structured questionnaire was used to elicit information about the socio-demographic variables. Results Stigmatization and discrimination were found to have significant influence on self-esteem of PLHIV. The results indicate that stigmatization and discrimination, together with income, work status, AIDS diagnosis status, and medication use status significantly influence self-esteem of PLHIV. AZ20 These results imply that stigmatization and discrimination influences on self-esteem among PLHIV. Conclusion Conclusively, intervention programmes should evolve enlightenment through television, movies, and educational programs that incorporate the ill effects of discrimination and stigma so as to boost self-esteem of PLHIV. © 2019 Adimora et al.Background Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a fibro-osseous jaw bone lesion. The affected bone in COD progressively becomes sclerotic, poorly vascularized and susceptible to secondary osteomyelitis. Objective To provide a clinico-pathologic appraisal of COD in a South African patient population. Methods Archived records of 133 patients diagnosed with COD were reviewed for patient demographics, COD location, COD type, osteomyelitis or simple bone cyst secondary to COD. Results The mean age was 53.4 ± 13.5 years with a 94.7% female predilection. COD mainly affected the mandible (57.1%), followed by involvement of both jaws (38.3%) and maxilla (4.5%). Florid COD was the most prevalent (69.9%), followed by focal COD (18%) and periapical COD (12%). Florid COD showed a clear trend of increasing with age, peaking in the sixth decade and decreasing thereafter. Osteomyelitis and simple bone cyst presented as complications of COD in 74.4% and 5.3% of cases respectively, while 21.8% of all cases of jaw osteomyelitis during the study period were secondary to COD. Conclusion A higher frequency of jaw osteomyelitis secondary to COD was found compared to previous studies. No significant association was shown between any of the COD types and secondary osteomyelitis. © 2019 Benaessa et al.
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