Notes

The effect associated with short term contact with outside pollution in fertility.
Early and higher detection rates of depression among dermatology patients can lead to better prognosis. Increased depression literacy among dermatologists might play a vital role in the early and successful detection and treatment of depression among their patients. The objective of this study was to investigate depression literacy among dermatologists working in India.

An online survey with a questionnaire comprising sociodemographic variables and the Depression Literacy Questionnaire was conducted to collect data on depression literacy among dermatologists between July 6, 2019, and August 6, 2019. Sociodemographic variables included age, sex, educational qualification, practice location, practice duration, and practice type.

The response rate was 56.99%. The majority of respondents were aged 31-50 years, female, and working in urban areas. The mean ± SD total score of the respondents was 17.4 ± 2.36, with the lowest score being 10 and the highest score 22. More correct answers (98.1%) were recorded for the items "loss of confidence and poor self-esteem may be symptoms of depression" and "sleeping too much or too little may be sign of depression." The mean total score of female respondents was higher than that of men, and the difference was significant (P = .003).

The study revealed good depression literacy status among dermatologists working in India. Female respondents were found to have higher depression literacy.
The study revealed good depression literacy status among dermatologists working in India. Female respondents were found to have higher depression literacy.
To investigate the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and outcome of Noninvasive ventilation (NIV)-treated acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients in secondary hospitals of Shanghai.

Relying on Shanghai alliances for respiratory diseases, a retrospective observational study was performed in 34 secondary hospitals of Shanghai. The AECOPD patients treated with NIV and admitted to the respiratory department or respiratory intensive care unit were recruited between December 1, 2016, and November 30, 2017.

There were 555 patients finally recruited in this study. The age was 75.8±9.6years old and 380 patients (68.5%) were male. PF-06424439 supplier 70.5% of all patients had respiratory acidosis (pH<7.35). 55.3% of all patients received nebulised bronchodilator and 77.7% were treated with systemic or inhaled corticosteroids during hospitalisation. 525 patients (94.6%) recovered successfully and the mortality was 3.2%. The hospitalisation was 15.3±6.7 days and hospital expenses were 22911±13595 RMB. Inadequate and nonstandard drug treatments were the most important problems during management.

The NIV can be successfully used for AECOP patients in local hospitals of Shanghai, but accompanied by high costs and long hospital stays. However, the treatments for exacerbation and stable COPD patients are still insufficient.
The NIV can be successfully used for AECOP patients in local hospitals of Shanghai, but accompanied by high costs and long hospital stays. However, the treatments for exacerbation and stable COPD patients are still insufficient.Recent advances in cell culture models like air-liquid interface culture and ex vivo models such as organoids have advanced studies of lung biology; however, gaps exist between these models and tools that represent the complexity of the three-dimensional environment of the lung. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) mimic the in vivo environment and bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo models. We have established the acid injury and repair (AIR) model where a spatially restricted area of tissue is injured using drops of HCl combined with Pluronic gel. Injury and repair are assessed by immunofluorescence using robust markers, including Ki67 for cell proliferation and prosurfactant protein C for alveolar type 2/progenitor cells. Importantly, the AIR model enables the study of injury and repair in mouse lung tissue without the need for an initial in vivo injury, and the results are highly reproducible. Here, we present detailed protocols for the generation of PCLS and the AIR model. We also describe methods to analyze and quantify injury in AIR-PCLS by immunostaining with established early repair markers and fluorescence imaging. This novel ex vivo model is a versatile tool for studying lung cell biology in acute lung injury and for semi-high-throughput screening of potential therapeutics. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1 Generation of precision-cut lung slices Basic Protocol 2 The acid injury and repair model Basic Protocol 3 Analysis of AIR-PCLS Immunostaining and imaging.Comparative accuracy studies evaluate the relative performance of two or more diagnostic tests. As any other form of research, such studies should be reported in an informative manner, to allow replication and to be useful for decision-making. In this study we aimed to assess whether and how components of test comparisons were reported in comparative accuracy studies. We evaluated 100 comparative accuracy studies, published in 2015, 2016 or 2017, randomly sampled from 238 comparative accuracy systematic reviews. We extracted information on 20 reporting items, pertaining to the identification of the test comparison, its validity, and the actual results of the comparison. About a third of the studies (n = 36) did not report the comparison as a study objective or hypothesis. Although most studies (n = 86) reported how participants had been allocated to index tests, we could often not evaluate whether test interpreters had been blinded to the results of other index tests (n = 40; among 59 applicable studies), nor could we identify the sequence of index tests (n = 52; among 90 applicable studies) or the methods for comparing measures of accuracy (n = 59). Two-by-four table data (revealing the agreement between index tests) were only reported by 9 of 90 paired comparative studies. More than half of the studies (n = 64) did not provide measures of statistical imprecision for comparative accuracy. Our findings suggest that components of test comparisons are frequently missing or incompletely described in comparative accuracy studies included in systematic reviews. Explicit guidance for reporting comparative accuracy studies may facilitate the production of full and informative study reports.
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