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Destruction of Avellino corneal dystrophy within a China household following LASIK.
Forearm fracture risk can be estimated via factor-of-risk the ratio of applied impact force to forearm fracture load. Simple techniques are available for estimating impact force associated with a fall; estimating forearm fracture load is more challenging. Our aim was to assess whether failure load estimates of sections of the distal radius (acquired using High-Resolution peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and finite element modeling) offer accurate and precise estimates of forearm fracture load.

We scanned a section of the distal radius of 19 cadaveric forearms (female, mean age 83.7, SD 8.3), and 34 women (75.0, 7.7). Sections were converted to finite element models and failure loads were acquired for different failure criteria. We assessed forearm fracture load using experimental testing simulating a fall on the outstretched hand. We used linear regression to derive relationships between ex vivo forearm fracture load and finite element derived distal radius failure load. We used derived regression coefficients to estimate forearm fracture load, and assessed explained variance and prediction error. We used root-mean-squared coefficients of variation to assess in vivo precision errors of estimated forearm fracture load.

Failure load estimates of sections of the distal radius, used in conjunction with derived regression coefficients, explained 89-90% of the variance in experimentally-measured forearm fracture load with prediction errors <6.8% and precision errors <5.0%.

Failure load estimates of distal radius sections can reliably estimate forearm fracture load experienced during a fall. Forearm fracture load estimates can be used to improve factor-of-risk predictions for forearm fracture.
Failure load estimates of distal radius sections can reliably estimate forearm fracture load experienced during a fall. Forearm fracture load estimates can be used to improve factor-of-risk predictions for forearm fracture.
Minimally invasive fixation using crossing screws was believed to produce satisfactory clinical outcome whereas its stability in early weight-bearing remained controversial. This study aimed to analyze the biomechanical stability of minimally invasive fixation during balanced standing and walking stance, and provide evidence for early rehabilitation.

A finite element model of foot-ankle-shank complex was reconstructed based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance images, and validated by plantar pressure of the model participant. A Sanders III calcaneal fracture was created on the model, and then fixed using crossing screws. The predicted stress distribution, fracture displacement, Bohler's angle and Gissane's angle were compared between the intact calcaneus and fracture model with the fixation.

Postoperatively, the concentrated stress appeared at the junction of the calcaneus and its surrounding tissues (especially Achilles tendon, plantar fascia and ligaments) during standing and walking stances, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia, play key roles in the stabilization of the calcaneal fracture after operation.
Aim of this biomechanical investigation was to compare the biomechanical effects of a carbon fiber reinforced PEEK and titanium pedicle screw/rod device in osteoporotic human cadaveric spine.

Ten human fresh-frozen cadaveric lumbar spines (L1-L5) have been used and were randomized into two groups according to the bone mineral density. A monosegmental posterior instrumentation (L3-L4) using titanium pedicle screws and rods was carried out in group A and using carbon fiber reinforced PEEK in group B. A cyclic loading test was performed at a frequency of 3Hz, starting with a peak of 500N for the first 2000cycles, up to 950N for 100,000cycles under a general preload with 100N. All specimens were evaluated with regard to a potential collapse of the implanted pedicle screws. A CT supported digital measurement of cavities around the pedicle at 3 defined measuring points was performed. Finally, the maximum zero-time failure load of all specimens was determined using a universal testing machine (80% F
).

Regarding maximum axial force (group A 2835N, group B 3006N, p=0.595) and maximum compression (group A 11.67mm, group B 15.15mm, p=0.174) no statistical difference could be shown between the two groups. However, significant smaller cavity formation around the pedicle screws could be observed in group B (p=0.007), especially around the screw tip (p<0.001).

Carbon fiber reinforced PEEK devices seem to be advantageous in terms of microscopic screw loosening compared to titanium devices.
Carbon fiber reinforced PEEK devices seem to be advantageous in terms of microscopic screw loosening compared to titanium devices.
To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

A cross-section survey-based study amongst doctors working within Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the United Kingdom.

A total of 207 doctors completed the survey. Obstetricians and Gynaecologists reported significantly higher rates of both Major Depressive Disorder (versus, p = 0.023) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (versus, p = 0.044) as compared to the UK-wide estimates. Sub-group analysis showed that anxiety was more common amongst female doctors as compared to males (versus, p = 0.047). Although the prevalence of GAD was higher amongst registrars compared to their Consultant and/or Senior House Officer counterparts, this was not statistically significant. Respondents felt that the most significant factor for work-related changes to mental health was keeping up to date with frequently changing guidelines and protocols related to COVID-19. Only of respondents felt able to talk to colleagues about th the mental health of doctors. With the threat of a second COVID-19 peak looming, now more than ever, it is vital that steps are taken to break the stigmatisation of mental health amongst doctors, encouraging doctors to seek help when required.Wastewater features-directed design of an adsorbent is promising but challenging strategy for sustainable remediation of actual bisphenol A (BPA)-polluted water. Herein, we report that the discarded cigarette butt-derived porous carbon (AC-800) exhibit high capacity (865 mg/g), rapid reaction rate (186.9 mg/g/min) and outstanding durability for adsorption of BPA. Different from the most reported carbon-based adsorbents, quantitative structure-activity relationship studies unveil that graphitic defect plays a crucial role in the improvement of adsorptivity. Further studies illuminate that π-π interactions, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen-bond interaction play a negligible role whereas long-range hydrophobic interaction synergized with short-range dispersion force make a substantial contribution to BPA adsorption on AC-800. NF-κB inhibitor Benefited from this unique adsorption mechanism, AC-800 features a remarkable anti-interference capability and realizes the efficient clean-up of BPA from actual wastewater with complex backgrounds.
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