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We tested the hypothesis that the degree of adaptation to highly focused sprint training at opposite ends of the sprint Force-Velocity (FV) spectrum would be associated with initial sprint FV profile in rugby athletes. Training-induced changes in sprint FV profiles were computed before and after an eight-week in-season resisted or assisted sprint training protocol, including a three-week taper. Professional male rugby players (age 18.9 ± 1.0 years; body height 1.9 ± 0.0 m; body mass 88.3 ± 10.0 kg) were divided into two groups based on their initial sprint FV profiles 1) Heavy sled training (RESISTED, N = 9, velocity loss 70-80%), and 2) assisted acceleration training (ASSISTED, N = 12, velocity increase 5-10%). A total of 16 athletes were able to finish all required measurements and sessions. According to the hypothesis, a significant correlation was found between initial sprint FV profile and relative change in sprint FV profile (RESISTED r = -0.95, p less then 0.01, ASSISTED r = -0.79, p less then 0.01). This study showed that initial FV properties influence the degree of mechanical response when training at different ends of the FV spectrum. Practitioners should consider utilizing the sprint FV profile to improve the individual effectiveness of resisted and assisted sprint training programs in high-level rugby athletes.This paper reports on the role of oxidised carbon nanotubes (oxMWCNTs) present in poly-3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene (PEDOT)/graphene oxide (GOx) composite. The final ternary composites (pEDOT/GOx/oxMWCNTs) are synthesised by an electrodeposition process from the suspension-containing monomer, oxidised carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. Dissociated functional groups on the surface of graphene oxide play a role of counter-ions for the polymer chains. find more Detailed physicochemical and electrochemical characterisation of the ternary composites is presented in the paper. The results prove that the presence of oxMWCNTs in the ternary composites doubles the capacitance values compared to the binary ones (450 vs. 270 F cm-3 for PEDOT/GOx/oxMWCNTs and PEDOT/GOx, respectively). The amount of carbon nanotubes in the synthesis solution is crucial for physicochemical properties of the composites, their adhesion to the electrode substrate and the electrochemical performance.DNA damage, caused by various oncogenic stresses, can induce cell death or cellular senescence as an important tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells display the features of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), secreting inflammatory proteins into surrounding tissues, and contributing to various age-related pathologies. In addition to this inflammatory protein secretion, the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is also upregulated in senescent cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we show that DNA damage activates the ceramide synthetic pathway, via the downregulation of sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) and the upregulation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), leading to an increase in senescence-associated EV (SA-EV) biogenesis. The EV biogenesis pathway, together with the autophagy-mediated degradation pathway, functions to block apoptosis by removing cytoplasmic DNA fragments derived from chromosomal DNA or bacterial infections. Our data suggest that this SA-EV pathway may play a prominent role in cellular homeostasis, particularly in senescent cells. In summary, DNA damage provokes SA-EV release by activating the ceramide pathway to protect cells from excessive inflammatory responses.Cellulose derivatives have many potential applications in the field of biomaterials and composites, in addition to several ways of modification leading to them. Silanization in aqueous media is one of the most promising routes to create multipurpose and organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Silanization has been widely used for cellulosic and nano-structured celluloses, but was a problem so far if to be applied to the common cellulose derivative "dialdehyde cellulose" (DAC), i.e., highly periodate-oxidized celluloses. In this work, a straightforward silanization protocol for dialdehyde cellulose is proposed, which can be readily modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. After thermal treatment and freeze-drying, the resulting product showed condensation and cross-linking, which was studied with infrared spectroscopy and 13C and 29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The cross-linking involves both links of the hydroxyl group of the oxidized cellulose with the silanol groups (Si-O-C) and imine-type bonds between the amino group and keto functions of the DAC (-HC=N-). The modification was achieved in aqueous medium under mild reaction conditions. Different treatments cause different levels of hydrolysis of the organosilane compound, which resulted in diverse condensed silica networks in the modified dialdehyde cellulose structure.Based on the fact that taurine can increase lipid metabolism, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of acute taurine supplementation on lipid oxidation levels in healthy young men after a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise. A double-blind, acute, and crossover study design was conducted. Seventeen men (age 24.8 ± 4.07y; BMI 23.9 ± 2.57 kg/m²) participated in the present study. Different doses of taurine (TAU) (3 g or 6 g) or placebo were supplemented 90 minutes before a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise (on a treadmill at 60% of VO2 max). The subjects performed three trials, and each one was separated by seven days. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the exercise protocol of each test to analyze plasma levels of glycerol and taurine. Lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were determined immediately after exercise for 15 minutes by indirect calorimetry. We observed that TAU supplementation (6 g) increased lipid oxidation (38%) and reduced the respiratory coefficient (4%) when compared to the placebo (p less then 0.05). However, no differences in lipid oxidation were observed between the different doses of taurine (3 g and 6 g). For glycerol concentrations, there were no differences between trials. Six grams of TAU supplementation 90 minutes before a single bout of aerobic exercise in a fasted state was sufficient to increase the lipid oxidation post-exercise in healthy young men.
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