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The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the survival and associated factors for the longevity of direct posterior restorations and to verify whether the geographic location of public health units could influence the long-term survival of such restorations. Data were extracted from electronic patient files of the Brazilian public oral health services. The sample comprised 2,405 class I and II restorations performed 4 to 24 years ago (mean, 8.9 years) in 351 patients (6.8 teeth/patient) across 12 public health units located in different city regions (42 professionals-55 restorations). The restoration was considered successful if it had not been repaired or replaced at the time of evaluation; failure was defined as replacement of the restoration, the need for endodontic treatment, tooth/restoration fracture or tooth extraction. selleck chemicals Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test for restoration survival and Cox regression to evaluate the factors associated with failure. The majority of the restorations involved the use of amalgam (85%), involved a single face (70%), and were without pulp/dentin capping (85%). The overall survival rate was 95%, and the mean observation time was 8.9 years. The restoration survival was 79% (95% CI 60.6-89.5) over 24 years, and the mean survival time was 22.2 years (95% CI 21.9-22.6 years). The annual failure rate up to 24 years was 0.9%. After the adjustment, only the number of restored faces and the geographic location where the restoration was performed remained associated with failure of the restoration. The direct posterior restorations performed at the evaluated public health service units presented high survival rates. The restorations of people with lower access to POHS had lower survival rates. Class I restorations presented higher survival rates than class II restorations with two or more faces, regardless of the restorative material used.The Iberian Pyrite Belt in southwest Spain hosts some of the largest and diverse extreme acidic environments with textural variation across rapidly changing biogeochemical gradients at multiple scales. After almost three decades of studies, mostly focused on molecular evolution and metagenomics, there is an increasing awareness of the multidisciplinary potential of these types of settings, especially for astrobiology. Since modern automatized exploration on extraterrestrial surfaces is essentially based on the morphological recognition of biosignatures, a macroscopic characterization of such sedimentary extreme environments and how they look is crucial to identify life properties, but it is a perspective that most molecular approaches frequently miss. Although acid mine drainage (AMD) systems are toxic and contaminated, they offer at the same time the bioengineering tools for natural remediation strategies. This work presents a biosedimentological characterization of the clastic iron stromatolites in the Tintillo river. They occur as laminated terraced iron formations that are the most distinctive sedimentary facies at the Tintillo river, which is polluted by AMD. Iron stromatolites originate from fluvial abiotic factors that interact with biological zonation. The authigenic precipitation of schwertmannite and jarosite results from microbial-mineral interactions between mineral and organic matrices. The Tintillo iron stromatolites are composed of bacterial filaments and diatoms as Nitzschia aurariae, Pinnularia aljustrelica, Stauroneis kriegeri, and Fragilaria sp. Furthermore, the active biosorption and bioleaching of sulfur are suggested by the black and white coloration of microbial filaments inside stromatolites. AMD systems are hazardous due to physical, chemical, and biological agents, but they also provide biogeochemical sources with which to infer past geochemical conditions on Earth and inform exploration efforts on extraterrestrial surfaces in the future.The initial growth mode of oxide on alloy plays a decisive role in the development of protective oxide scales on metals and alloys, which is critical for their functionality for high temperature applications. However, the atomistic mechanisms dictating that the oxide growth remain elusive due to the lack of direct in situ observation of the initial oxide nucleation and growth at atomic-scale. Herein, we employed environmental transmission electron microscopy and the first-principles calculations to elucidate the initial atomic process of nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy oxidation. We directly revealed three different oxide growth modes of initial NiO islands on Ni-Cr alloy upon oxidation by O2, which result in distinct crystallography and morphology. The multimode oxide growth leads to irregular-shaped oxides, which is shown to be sensitive to the local mass transport. This localization of oxide growth mode is also demonstrated by the identified vigorous competence in oxide growth and thus shown to be kinetically controlled. The concept exemplified here provides insights into the oxide formation and has significant implications in other material and chemical processes involving oxygen gas, such as corrosion, heterogeneous catalysis, and ionic conduction.The association between coagulopathies, more specifically thrombophilia, and the development of gestational vascular complications was established in the 1990s. Ever since, huge efforts have been invested into gaining a better understanding of the role played by clotting factors, both prothrombotic and hemorrhagic, in those complications, not least because hypertensive disorders and venous thromboembolism are among the most common causes of maternal mortality in the Western world.
Kleinfelter syndrome (KS) is a common genetic disease characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The high risk of developing of metabolic disorders in patients with KS is be explained by the presence of androgen deficiency, which leads to a decrease in the amount of lean soft mass and an increase of the adipose tissue content. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is determined by the amount of lean soft mass, and its reduction can contribute to weight gain and the progression of metabolic disorders in KS.

Body composition, assessment of basal metabolism and metabolic profile in adolescents with KS.

The study included 28 adolescents with KS, comparable in age and stage of sexual maturation. All patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of clinical laboratory signs of hypogonadism. Patients passed through the evaluation of metabolic profile, bioelectrical impedance analysis for the body composition and chamber-based indirect calorimetry for the evaluation of BMR.

Normal indicants of body composition were determined in 20 (71.
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