Notes

MxRop1-MxrbohD1 interaction mediates ROS signaling in response to a deficiency of iron from the woodsy seed Malus xiaojinensis.
Optimization of the [2+2] photocycloaddition between cinnamic aldehyde and 2,3-dimethyl-butadiene resulted in conditions which operate with either 20 mol% (55% yield, 82/18 er ) or 50 mol% (42% yield, 96/4 er ) of a chiral amine and 2.5 mol% of the ruthenium complex. In the catalytic reactions, Ru(bpy) 3 (PF 6 ) 2 was employed instead of Ru(bpz) 3 (PF 6 ) 2 . In line with its photophysical and electrochemical data, Ru(bpy) 3 (PF 6 ) 2 is sug-gested by laser flash photolysis experiments to undergo both electron and energy transfer. However, evidence was collected to support the hypothesis that energy transfer is the only productive quenching mechanism. Control experiments using Ir(ppy) 3 showed that a strong photochemical reductant did not catalyze the intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of an eniminium ion. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.AIMS To test the effect of energy restriction with maintained protein intake on body composition and the insulin sensitivity of glucose and protein metabolism in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS After 3d of an isoenergetic diet with 1.2 g/kg/d protein, obese T2D adults (3 women, 2 men) followed a 5-week diet providing 60% of energy requirements with 45% carbohydrate, and protein maintained at pre-intervention level. Isotopic tracers were used to quantify whole-body glucose (3-3 H-glucose) and protein (13 C-leucine) metabolism pre- (day 4) and post-intervention (day 39), postabsorptive and during a hyperinsulinemic, isoglycemic, isoaminoacidemic clamp. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Post energy restriction, the 6% weight loss was from total body (11%) and visceral fat losses (25%), but lean mass was preserved. Fasting glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR and C-peptide decreased significantly (29%, 38%, 54% and 38%, respectively) as did other cardiometabolic risk factors. Between clamp studies, postabsorptive protein turnover and oxidation rates decreased (12% and 32%), resulting in less negative net balance, consistent with protein conservation. The rates of glucose turnover decreased, and glucose metabolic clearance rate improved (24%). During the clamp, protein flux was lower (9%) and breakdown suppressed (12%), and net balance became less negative but not different. Though glucose turnover did not differ, metabolic clearance improved 47%. CONCLUSIONS In obese adults with T2D, an energy-restricted diet with maintained protein intake of ~1.2 g/kg/d improved kinetics of protein metabolism (particularly postabsorptive), preserved lean body mass and increased glucose metabolic clearance rate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM The current versus desired brand position of the nursing profession is examined using brand theory. BACKGROUND The nursing brand has a long and revered image with various stakeholder groups. However, the current image frequently represents nurses as caring advocates rather than influential leaders who deliver, manage and administer healthcare services. EVALUATION Recent quantitative field research describes perceptions of nurses' current versus desired brand position. A perceptual map illustrated a gap on the axes of Patient-Centered Caregivers and Leaders in Healthcare. 66615inhibitor Empirical literature provided the foundation for prescriptive advice which could address potential threats and opportunities for the brand. KEY ISSUE Brand theory is used to describe how nurses' current image seems at odds with nurses' role in contemporary society. The largest gap on the perceptual map was on the "Leadership Axis" suggesting more effort is needed to change perceptions of the essential leadership role of nurses in various healthcare systems. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The nursing profession needs to implement branding strategies which close the gap between the current and desired brand positions. The central brand position of nurses as leaders should thread throughout practice, education, research, and professional associations for effective brand re-positioning to occur. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.A thorax phantom was used to assess radiotherapy dose deviations induced by respiratory motion of the target volume. Both intensity modulated and static, non-modulated treatment plans were planned on CT scans of the phantom. The plans were optimized using various CT reconstructions, to investigate whether they had an impact on robustness to target motion during delivery. During irradiation, the target was programmed to simulate respiration-induced motion of a lung tumor, using both patient-specific and sinusoidal motion patterns in three dimensions. Dose was measured in the center of the target using an ion chamber. Differences between reference measurements with a stationary target and dynamic measurements were assessed. Possible correlations between plan complexity metrics and measured dose deviations were investigated. The maximum observed motion-induced dose differences were 7.8% and 4.5% for single 2 Gy and 15 Gy fractions, respectively. The measurements performed with the largest target motion amplitude in the superior-inferior direction yielded the largest dosimetric deviations. For 2 Gy fractionation schemes, the summed dose deviation after 33 fractions is likely to be less than 2%. Measured motion-induced dose deviations were significantly larger for one CT reconstruction compared to all the others. Static, non-modulated plans showed superior robustness to target motion during delivery. Moderate correlations between the modulation complexity score applied to VMAT (MCSv) and measured dose deviations were found for 15 Gy SBRT treatment plans. Correlations between other plan complexity metrics and measured dose deviations were not found. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine.OBJECTIVES Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is nowadays available with several stimulation paradigms. New paradigms, such as high dose (HD-)SCS, have shown the possibility to salvage patients who lost their initial pain relief. The first aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of HD-SCS after conversion from standard SCS. The second aim is to develop a model for prediction of long-term response of HD-SCS after unsatisfactory standard SCS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-eight patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) who are treated with standard SCS were enrolled in the study. Self-reporting questionnaires and outcomes were assessed before conversion and at 1, 3, and 12 months of HD-SCS. Longitudinal mixed models were used to determine the effectiveness of HD-SCS. Logistic regression and classification and decision tree analyses were performed to predict responders (NRS decrease ≥2/10) after 12 months of HD-SCS. RESULTS Significant time effects were found for both low back and leg pain responders, suggesting the effectiveness of HD-SCS after conversion.
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