Notes

Bioanalysis involving plasma acetate ranges without derivatization by LC-MS/MS.
1 ± 0.1 mg/g dw), DHA contents (13.6 ± 0.4 mg/g dw), and DHA/EPA ratios (~3), being rotifers fed AUR and ISO feeds second best. Hence, these microalgae may deserve to be further explored as potential sources of specific FAs in rotifers and artemia.Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is reputed to have a robust range of biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bio-fabricated using aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata were characterized and evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial activities as well as cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The extract induced colour change of silver salt solution which absorbed at 420 nm and confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR showed that free amide and hydroxyl groups were responsible for the synthesized nanoparticles. Both XRD and SAED confirmed the crystalline nature of the particles with face centered cubic (FCC) phase. The zeta potential revealed -27.2 mV potential and average distribution size of 35 nm. DLS indicated that the majority of the particles were 86.78 nm size and with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.329. AgNPs displayed strong activities against DPPH (IC50 = 51.80 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50 = 30.78 μg/ml), α-amylase (IC50 = 0.90 μg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.32 μg/ml). The particles exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation with effective antimicrobial activity against a battery of bacterial strains and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cell line. These findings revealed the potential biomedical applications of the particles and further work will be required to establish its molecular mechanism of action.This study was to explore factors predicting the use of e-learning during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) among sport science education students In Indonesia Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The study was conducted through survey with 974 participating students from five Indonesian HEIs. DCycloserine An extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with facilitating condition as the external factor was implemented to be the theoretical framework of this study. An analysis method through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to measure and assess the proposed model. The findings informed that (1) the TAM-based proposed scale has been successfully explained factors predicting the use of e-learning among Indonesian sport science students during the pandemic; (2) the finding of significant relationships between facilitating condition and perceived ease of use and between facilitating condition and perceived usefulness was reported; and (3) the significant relationships among core components of TAM were found except for one, relationship between perceived usefulness and attitude.Human dendritic cells (DCs) are the main target cells of dengue virus (DENV). Because humans injected with even a small volume of DENV from mosquito saliva display a high level of viremia, DCs are expected to be highly susceptible to DENV. In the present study, we assessed the efficiency of DENV infection using the novel immortalized human myeloid cell lines iPS-ML and iPS-DC. To prepare the DC-like myeloid cell line (iPS-DC), iPS-ML cells were cultured in the presence of IL-4 for 72 h. iPS-DC cells were the most susceptible to DENV, followed by iPS-ML, Vero and K562 cells. In contrast, the highest infective yield titer was observed in Vero cells. To investigate further uses of iPS-ML and iPS-DC, these cells were applied to an assay measuring antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity in DENV infection. Serum samples collected from healthy Thai participants and mouse monoclonal antibodies displayed similar ADE activity patterns when examined with iPS-ML, iPS-DC, or K562 cells, the last of which are usually used in conventional ADE assays. Interestingly, iPS-ML cells showed greater susceptibility to ADE activity than iPS-DC and K562 cells. Here, we demonstrated the potential utility of the novel immortalized human myeloid cell lines iPS-ML and iPS-DC in future research on DENV.Doping tests for the illegal use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have been developed. We developed a new Western blotting method to detect and distinguish endogenous erythropoietin (Epo, 35-38 kDa) and exogenous ESAs (epoetin α and β, 38-42 kDa; darbepoetin α, 47-50 kDa; epoetin β pegol, 93-110 kDa). Epo and ESAs are glycoproteins and deglycosylation using peptide-N-glycosidase F shifted all Epo and ESA bands except epoetin β pegol to 22 kDa. We cut the bands of Epo and ESAs from SDS-PAGE gels and analyzed them by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). LC/MS detected all endogenous Epo and exogenous ESAs as deglycosylated 22 kDa Epo, indicating that LC/MS analysis could confirm the presence of Epo or ESA, but could not distinguish between endogenous Epo and exogenous ESAs. We propose the following Epo doping tests 1) detect Epo or ESAs by Western blotting of the glycosylated form; 2) increase the reliability by the band shift following deglycosylation; and 3) complete confirmation of Epo or ESA by LC/MS analysis using cut gels. One of the advantages of our method is that pre-purification of samples for Epo is not required in our Western blotting.The reaction kinetic rate and mass transport play an important role in the sizing and scale-up of reactors. The Damköhler's dimensionless number ( D a ) is the quotient of these effects. A new interpretation of D a as a local property is introduced D a ( x , y , z , t ) . A new graphical methodology is proposed for the sizing and scale-up of unidirectional flow reactors and CSTRs. The partial differential equation (PDE) and algebraic that describe the continuity within these reactors transform into dimensionless variables, and the conversion at the output is expressed as a function of the conditions at the input D a 0 . The operating conditions as volumetric flow, residence time; design variables as reactor volume; and intrinsic reaction rate are involved in D a 0 . The equations are solved numerically to develop the design charts D a 0 vs X. The design volume is linear with D a 0 , and the conversion is obtained from the charts ( D a 0 vs X) or vice versa. Using these charts avoids the analytical or numerical solution of the PDE that governs the unidirectional flow reactors becoming an easy tool for scale-up.
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