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Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative process leading to dementia. To date, there is no curative approach; thus, establishing a diagnosis as early as possible is necessary to implement preventive measures. However, today's gold standard for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease is high in both cost and effort and is not readily available. This defines the need for low-effort and economic alternatives that give patients low-threshold access to testing systems at their general practitioners or even at home for an independent retrieval of a biologic specimen. This perspective gives an overview of established and novel approaches in the field and speculates on the future of test strategies eventually technically implementable at home.
Traditional approaches that involve measuring the height and volume of the pituitary by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are unreliable. We investigated the use of a more accurate method using texture analysis to evaluate idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) by MRI.

In total, 352 texture features of the pituitary were extracted from 12 healthy girls and 18 girls with ICPP. A LASSO regression model and linear regression model were used to create the prediction model. Pearson's correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance.

The radiomics score had a significant linear relationship with the luteinizing hormone concentration and the luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio. The radiomics score showed better predictive performance than traditional pituitary measurements. The area under the curve of the radiomics score, pituitary height, and variable combinations was 0.759 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.583-0.936), 0.681 (95% CI, 0.483-0.878), and 0.829 (95% CI, 0.681-0.976), respectively.

Combination of the radiomics score with pituitary height measurements allows for better evaluation of the pituitary during diagnostic imaging, indicating satisfactory potential for efficacy assessments.
Combination of the radiomics score with pituitary height measurements allows for better evaluation of the pituitary during diagnostic imaging, indicating satisfactory potential for efficacy assessments.Small cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare malignant tumor in the clinical setting. Clinical manifestations of this tumor are mostly similar to those of normal types of cervical cancer. Small cell carcinoma of the cervix only shows symptoms of neuroendocrine tumors, such as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Most of the hyponatremia caused by SIADH can be managed after removal of the cause. Hyponatremia is a predictor of poor prognosis and can be used as an indicator of partial recurrence. We report a case of small cell carcinoma of the cervix complicated by SIADH. Our patient presented with irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause. After one cycle of chemotherapy, there was trembling of the limbs, and a laboratory examination showed low Na+ and low Cl- levels. After limited water intake, intravenous hypertonic saline, and intermittent diuretic treatment, the patient's blood Na+ levels returned to normal. After a radical operation, the above-mentioned symptoms disappeared.
This retrospective study explored the association between calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones and metabolic syndrome. It also developed and validated a nomogram to aid in the prediction of CaOx stones.

This case-control study enrolled 150 patients with CaOx stones and 635 individuals without urolithiasis from October 2016 to October 2018. Student's t-test, the chi-squared test, and logistic univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used. A nomogram for prediction of CaOx stones was established based on independent associated factors. M344 molecular weight The concordance index and calibration curves were plotted to determine nomogram accuracy.

Female sex, age ≥66 years, blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥85 mmHg), and blood uric acid level independently influenced the risk of CaOx stones, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis; these factors were included in the nomogram. The concordance index was 0.701 (95% confidence interval 0.658-0.737). The standard curve showed a robust fit with the calibrated predictive curve.

Female sex, age ≥66 years, elevated blood pressure, and blood uric acid level independently influenced the risk of CaOx stones. Our nomogram for the prediction of CaOx stones may provide a clinical basis for the assessment of CaOx stone and facilitate early prevention efforts.
Female sex, age ≥66 years, elevated blood pressure, and blood uric acid level independently influenced the risk of CaOx stones. Our nomogram for the prediction of CaOx stones may provide a clinical basis for the assessment of CaOx stone and facilitate early prevention efforts.Esophageal diverticulum with secondary bronchoesophageal fistula is a rare clinical entity that manifests as respiratory infections, coughing during eating or drinking, hemoptysis, and sometimes fatal complications. In the present study, we describe a case of bronchoesophageal fistula emanating from esophageal diverticulum in a 45-year-old man who presented with bronchiectasis. We summarize the characteristics of this rare condition based on a review of the relevant literature.
Retrospective case series.

To report contemporary rates of complications and subsequent surgery after spinal surgery in patients with skeletal dysplasia.

A case series of 25 consecutive patients who underwent spinal surgery between 2007 and 2017 were identified from a single institution's skeletal dysplasia registry. Patient demographics, medical history, surgical indication, complications, and subsequent surgeries (revisions, extension to adjacent levels, or for pathology at a non-contiguous level) were collected. Charlson comorbidity indices were calculated as a composite measure of overall health.

Achondroplasia was the most common skeletal dysplasia (76%) followed by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (20%); 1 patient had diastrophic dysplasia (4%). Average patient age was 53.2 ± 14.7 years and most patients were in excellent cardiovascular health (88% Charlson Comorbidity Index 0-4). Mean follow up after the index procedure was 57.4 ± 39.2 months (range). Indications for surgery were mostly for neurologic symptoms.
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