Notes

Anti-Oxidant as well as Anti-Inflammatory Compound Made Newly in Paeoniae Radix Alba Acquire Fermented along with Plant-Derived Lactobacillus brevis 174A.
e-initiated COVID-19-specific wellness efforts were associated with decreased psychological distress. Policies are needed to mitigate pandemic-specific burnout and worsening gender disparities.Although cataract surgery is considered a safe procedure, post-surgery complications such as endophthalmitis and ocular inflammation, may occur. To prevent this, antibiotics and anti-inflammatories are prescribed in the form of eye drops during the post-operatory period, but they lead to a low drug bioavailability in target tissues. The objective of this work is to develop an intraocular lens (IOL) material to deliver simultaneously one antibiotic, moxifloxacin (MXF), and one anti-inflammatory, diclofenac (DFN), in therapeutic concentrations to prevent both complications. The IOL material was modified through the incorporation of functional monomers, as well as molecular imprinting with both drugs using the same functional monomers, namely acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), 4-vinylpiridine (4-VP) and a combination of MAA + 4-VP. The best results were obtained with MAA. Molecular imprinting did not influence the drug release, except with AA. Application of a mathematical model predicted that the released MXF and DFN concentrations would stay above the pre-determined MIC of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and the minimum values of IC50 of COX-1 and COX-2, for 9 and 14 days, respectively. Antibacterial tests showed that the released antibiotic remained active. The physical properties of the drug-loaded MAA-hydrogel remained adequate. The developed system proved to be non-irritant and non-cytotoxic.Alginates are biopolymers that have been investigated for their use in food and medical fields. Minimal information is available regarding their potential application as tablet superdisintegrants. Here we studied the disintegration action of sodium alginate (SA), calcium alginate (CA) and alginic acid (AA). Initially, we characterised the swelling and wicking abilities and the disintegration mechanism of pure disintegrants. We found that the liquid uptake of both CA and AA is more swelling-driven in phosphate buffer and more wicking-driven in hydrochloric acid and water. CA acts by shape-recovery, AA by a combination of swelling and shape-recovery mechanisms. SA cannot be used as disintegrant due to gelling. In the second part of the paper, the disintegration time of formulations with different physico-chemical properties and different alginate concentrations (i.e. click here 4% and 10%) was measured, thus delivering a direct readout for the ranges of application of alginates as tablets disintegrants. The main observations are i) CA and AA often provide very rapid disintegration, similarly to the superdisintegrants used as controls; ii) the action of CA is more susceptible to the medium conditions than AA; iii) CA underperforms in hard tablets containing a binder; iv) both CA and AA have slightly slower disintegration than other superdisintegrants in tablets containing a hydrophobic component. While the suitability of CA as a disintegrant is formulation- and medium- dependent, AA appears as a promising tablet superdisintegrant, particularly for the development of uncomplicated hydrophilic formulations for the nutraceutical and supplement industry, where natural ingredients are favoured.The aim of this study was to apply artificial neural networks as deep learning tools in establishing a model for understanding and prediction of diazepam release from fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed tablets. Diazepam printed tablets of various shapes were created by a computer-aided design (CAD) program and prepared by fused deposition modeling using previously prepared polyvinyl alcohol/diazepam filaments via hot-melt extrusion. The surface to volume ratio (SA/V) for each shape was calculated. Printing parameters were varied including infill density (20%, 70% and 100%) and infill pattern (line and zigzag). Influence of tablet SA/V ratio and printing parameters (infill density and infill pattern) on the release of diazepam from printed tablets were modeled using self-organizing maps (SOM) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). SOM as an unsupervised neural network was used for visualizing interrelation among the data, whereas MLP was used for the prediction of drug release properties. MLP had three layers (with structure 2-3-5) and was trained using back propagation algorithm. Input parameters for the modeling were infill density and SA/V ratio; while output parameters were percent of drug release in five time points. The data set for network training was divided into training, validation and test sets. The dissolution rate increased with higher SA/V ratio, lower infill density (less than 50%) and zigzag infill pattern. The established ANN model was tested; calculated f 2 factors for two tested formulations (70.24 and 77.44) showed similarity between experimentally observed and predicted drug release profiles. Trained MLP network was able to predict drug release behavior as a function of infill density and SA/Vol ratio, as established design space for formulated 3D printed diazepam tablets.We present a nanosuspension of betulin, a BCS class II anticancer drug, particularly effective against resistant breast cancer. As anticancer efficacy of betulin is hampered by poor aqueous solubility, a nanosuspension with surface area was considered to enhance efficacy. An innovative approach wherein the betulin nanosuspension is generated instantaneously in situ, by adding a betulin preconcentrate (BeTPC) comprising drug and excipients, to aqueous medium, is successfully demonstrated. The optimal BeTPC when added to isotonic dextrose solution instantaneously generated an in situ nanosuspension (BeTNS-15) with high precipitation efficiency (92.7 ± 1.21%), average particle size (383.74 ± 7.24 nm) and good stability as per ICH guidelines. TEM revealed elongated particles while DSC and XRD indicated partial amorphization. Significantly higher cytotoxicity of BeTNS-15 (IC50 38.44 µg/ml) compared to betulin (BetS) (IC50 69.54 µg/ml) in the resistant triple negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, was attributed to high intracellular uptake confirmed by HPLC and Imaging Flow cytometry (IFC).
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