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Success associated with follow-up memory treatments upon autobiographical recollection inside pathological getting older.
Importantly, analysis of moderation revealed that under high levels of secondary PTSS, the more siblings reported distress tolerance, the higher their own levels of SPTG. CONCLUSION Exposure to a traumatized veteran brother or sister might entail psychological distress but also positive changes among siblings. The ability to withstand the emotional valence of negative or stressful events might hold a promise for the facilitation of higher levels of SPTG in the face of secondary PTSS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).OBJECTIVE Experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion synergistically form what is known as the closed response style. Prior study findings indicate that the closed response style, examined as an interaction between experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion, relates to posttraumatic stress symptom severity among a heterogeneous sample of trauma survivors. The present study sought to extend those findings by examining the association between the closed response style and posttraumatic stress symptom severity specifically among women who survived a Criterion A sexual trauma. METHOD The sample was 136 women attending a southern U.S. university who reported Criterion A sexual trauma exposure. Participants completed self-report measures assessing the study variables. RESULTS The predicted interaction between experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion accounted for unique variance in posttraumatic stress symptom severity (total symptom severity, along with hyperarousal and alterations in cognitions and mood). Simple effects indicated that experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion only shared associations with posttraumatic stress symptom severity when coupled with high levels of the other process (i.e., cognitive fusion or experiential avoidance, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Results provide further support for the potential relevance of the closed response style to posttraumatic stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Criminal behavior in schizophrenia has been associated with a number of risk factors including symptoms of schizophrenia, co-occurring personality disorders (PDs), substance abuse, intellectual and cognitive dysfunctions, history of violence, and a number of sociodemographic variables. However, the relative importance and predictive power of these factors when considered simultaneously is understudied. In this 6-year follow-up study, we examined the association of these factors with criminal offending in a sample of 108 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (80.6% men). The proportion of offenders during the follow-up period was 53.7%. A cox proportional hazards model showed that Facet 3 and Facet 4 of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, passive-aggressive PD, narcissistic PD, and Global Assessment Functioning were the only significant predictors of offending when all putative risk factors were considered simultaneously. Results also revealed high predictive accuracy of the total score of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised for offending. Of all potential predictors considered, personality pathology and specifically the antisocial facet of psychopathy emerged as the main predictor of criminal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. These results underscore the importance of including an assessment of personality pathology, including psychopathy, in the evaluation of risk for violence and crime in schizophrenia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Empirical controversy remains regarding the representation and diagnosis of personality disorders, as either distinct categories or as a dimensional continuum of psychopathology. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, the Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group presented an alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) that elicits a hybrid diagnosis. This attempt to combat the various limitations associated with primarily categorical or dimensional approaches was met with criticism regarding the AMPD's indeterminate clinical utility. To seek clarity, the current mixed-methods systematic review aimed to determine the clinical utility of the AMPD within a clinical population. An electronic screening of six databases, in addition to the application of explicit exclusion criteria, revealed 20 studies of relevance. Study characteristics and individual assessments of methodological quality were tabulated. The convergent, narrative synthesis of results was largely in support of the AMPD's clinical utility. Future exploration of the AMPD's communicative value between clinicians and their patients' families, the feasibility of the model's application, and the model's ability to translate into treatment modalities is required to both consolidate the current findings and to support a transition to a hybrid diagnosis of personality psychopathology. see more (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Silence in psychotherapy has been associated with different, sometimes opposing meanings. This study investigated silence during adolescent identity treatment in adolescent patients with borderline personality pathology. A more active therapeutic approach with less silence is advised in adolescent identity treatment. It was hypothesized that a session with more silence might be negatively perceived by adolescent patients. A total of 382 sessions that involved 21 female patients were analyzed. Silence was automatically detected from audio recordings. Diarization (segmenting an audio according to speaker identity) was performed. The patient's perception of the sessions was measured with the Session Evaluation Questionnaire. The amount of silence in the different speaker-switching patterns was not independent of one other. This finding supports the hypothesis of mutual attunement of patient and therapist concerning the amount of silence in a given session. Sessions with less silence were rated as being both smoother and better. The potential implications for clinical practice are discussed. The investigation of turn-taking and interpersonal temporal dynamics is relevant for psychotherapy research. The topic can be addressed efficiently using automated procedures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02518906.
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