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Differences in Pointing to Demonstration and also Mental Performance Among Members Using LATE-NC Compared to FTLD-TDP.
We present an unusual case of isolated urethral tuberculosis. The patient had a history of urethral strictures and persistent discharge from two peno-scrotal fistulas which was confirmed on urethrogram. He was treated with anti-tubercular treatment and a two stage urethroplasty. A 43-year-old woman with paralysis and neurogenic bladder secondary to a gunshot wound presented with worsening urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections. On workup she was found to have two large bladder stones with diameters of around 11 cm. She was managed with antibiotics and surgical removal. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary team in managing patients with spinal cord injuries. OBJECTIVES To characterize trends in the characteristics of urologic surgeons performing vasectomy over time. METHODS We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study examining surgeon characteristics for case logs from the American Board of Urology (ABU) between 2004 and 2013. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) with a log link and negative binomial distribution to examine demographic differences (gender, rural location, and surgeon volume) in the number of vasectomies surgeons performed over time. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2013, 5,316 urologists had case logs collected within the 7-month certification window. The majority of these surgeons self-identified as general urologists (82.8%), and a small proportion identified as andrology and infertility specialists (1.7%). Across all years, the median number of vasectomies performed per certifying surgeon during the study period was 14 (interquartile range [IQR] 6-26). The majority of vasectomies were performed by high-volume surgeons (≥ 26 vasectomies) ranging from 49.2%-66.9% annually, whereas the proportion performed by low-volume (≤ 5 vasectomies) surgeons ranged from 3.3%-6.6% annually. Male surgeons performed vasectomies 2.20 times more frequently than female surgeons (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.93-2.49; p less then .0001) across the study period with no evidence to suggest this gap changed over time (gender-year interaction 1.01 [95% CI 0.97-1.06; p=0.576]). CONCLUSIONS While the majority of urologists performing vasectomy identify as general urologists, there appears to be a focus on vasectomy practice among a small number of high-volume surgeons. Furthermore, while the number of female surgeons performing vasectomies increased, a gender gap persists in the proportion of vasectomies performed by females. The term ''putty kidney'' was first used in 1906 by Dr. F. Tilden Brown, a genitourinary surgeon, to describe a well-defined density seen in kidney region on standard radiograph which is caused by a ''putty-like'' substance that had formed a cast inside a tuberculous kidney. The putty kidney is a classic imaging sign, rarely seen nowadays which represents a nonfunctioning autonephrectomized kidney seen in end stage renal tuberculosis.1-5 Here, we describe a 45-year-old female with left flank pain who on imaging had a classic putty kidney which led to an evaluation and later confirmation of a diagnosis of renal tuberculosis. AIM The neuronal damage and accompanied functional deficits induced by cerebral ischemia are among the most common causes of disabilities in adults. Activation of subtypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs); PPAR-α and PPAR-γ have shown neuroprotective effects in different neurodegenerative diseases including stroke. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of two different agonists PPAR-α (fenofibrate) and PPAR-γ (pioglitazone) as well as the effect of their combination in ameliorating post-ischemia behavioral deficits. METHODS Male Wistar rats were either pretreated with vehicle, fenofibrate (100 mg/kg/day p.o), pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day p.o) or their combination for 14 days prior to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 24 hoursh. The sensory motor functions of rats were assessed, then rats were sacrificed to determine infarct volume and histopathological changes as well as oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers in the brain tissue. KEY FINDINGS Pre-treatment with fenofibrate and pioglitazone in addition to their combination improved neurobehavioral dysfunction, reduced cerebral infarct volume, attenuated inflammatory and apoptotic markers and ameliorated histopathological changes in I/R injured rats. The effect of pioglitazone in cerebral cortex was higher than its corresponding effect in fenofibrate while the combined administration of both drugs had additive neuroprotective effect and normalized inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in ischemic rats. SIGNIFICANCE The study compared the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ agonists, and tested the impact of their combination. We concluded that no additional benefits on the functional outcomes might be gained upon their combination. AIMS Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy and sex hormone plays an important role in it. We have previously shown that activation of estrogen receptor (ER) α promotes thyroid cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Here, we attempted to investigate the role of ETS variant 5 (ETV5) on estrogen drived thyroid malignancy. MAIN METHODS Ten patients with follicular thyroid cancer were enrolled in this study. Cell proliferation and migration ability were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and cell migration assay, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and luciferase assay were conducted to analyze the relationship of ETV5 and PIK3CA. RZ-2994 KEY FINDINGS ETV5 is highly expressed in thyroid tissues from patients with follicular thyroid cancer as well as in FTC133 cells. 17b-estradiol or overexpression of ERα induced an increase in ETV5 protein level in FTC133 cells. Knockdown of ETV5 inhibited FTC133 cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while 17b-estradiol could not correct this effect. Additionally, the level of PIK3CA was markedly decreased in ETV5 knockdown cells and had a positive correlation with ETV5 in thyroid cancer patients. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR analysis and luciferase assay confirmed that ETV5 directly targeted PIK3CA and that ETV5 was bound to the promoter region of PIK3CA. In addition, PIK3CA overexpression abrogated ETV5-induced cell growth, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. SIGNIFICANCE ETV5 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the PIK3CA signaling pathway, indicating that ETV5 may be a therapeutic target in thyroid cancer.
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