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Obesity is recognized as a severe threat to overall human health and is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal expansion of white adipose tissue involves increasing the existing adipocytes' cell size or increasing the number through the differentiation of new adipocytes. Adipogenesis is a process of proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells in mature adipocytes. As a key process in determining the number of adipocytes, it is a possible therapeutic approach for obesity. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis that could serve as suitable therapeutic targets. Reducing bodyweight is regarded as a major health benefit. Limited efficacy and possible side effects and drug interactions of available anti-obesity treatment highlight a constant need for finding novel efficient and safe anti-obesity ingredients. Numerous studies have recently investigated the inhibitory effects of natural products on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Possible anti-obesity effects of natural products include the induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest or delayed progression, and interference with transcription factor cascade or intracellular signaling pathways during the early phase of adipogenesis.
The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that obesity in Israeli children is associated with chronically increased hunger and to examine for persistent abnormalities of satiation and between-meal satiety in these children.

The parents of 200 children with obesity and 100 normal-weight children completed a questionnaire together with their child that rated hunger, food intake at main meal, and speed of eating. Time to hunger from the main meal was also recorded. Children with hunger ratings above 4 on a 7-point scale were considered to have persistent hunger. Food intake ratings at the main meal were used as an approximate indicator of satiation and time from main meal to feeling hunger as an approximate indicator of between-meal satiety.

There were marked differences between children with obesity and controls for hunger, food intake at main meal and speed of eating ratings (all p<0.001). The difference to time to hunger reached significance after adjusting for age and sex (p=0.048). 41% of the children with obesity had the highest rating for persistent hunger versus 5% of controls (p<0.001).

Persistent hunger, abnormal food intake at the main meal and rapid eating are common in children with obesity and are often of marked degree. These findings could have implications for understanding how pediatric obesity perpetuates itself and even worsens and its resistance to successful treatment over the long term.
Persistent hunger, abnormal food intake at the main meal and rapid eating are common in children with obesity and are often of marked degree. These findings could have implications for understanding how pediatric obesity perpetuates itself and even worsens and its resistance to successful treatment over the long term.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a high global prevalence, and the interaction of environmental factors and genetic factors may contribute to the risk of T2DM. We aimed to investigate the association between T2DM and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes (
and
) associated with insulin secretion.

T2DM (n=1,169) and nondiabetic (NDM) (n=1,277) subjects were enrolled and the eight SNPs in
and
genes associated with insulin secretion were genotyped in a Chinese population using MassARRAY. Then, the association of these SNPs with T2DM was analyzed.

Our results revealed that four SNPs (rs4712524, rs10946398, rs7754840 in
, and rs5015480 in
) showed significantly different distributions between the T2DM and NDM groups (
<0.00625). The G allele of rs4712524 (
=0.004, OR=1.184; 95% CI=1.057-1.327), C allele of rs10946398 (
<0.001, OR=1.247; 95% CI=1.112-1.398), and C allele of rs775480 in
(
<0.001, OR=1.229; 95% CI=1.096-1.387) functioned as risk alleles of T2DM. The C allele of rs5015480 in
(
<0.001, OR=1.295; 95% CI=1.124-1.493) was also the risk factor for T2DM. The haplotype analysis revealed that
haplotype rs4712524G-rs10946398C-rs7754840C-rs9460546G (
=0.001, OR=1.210; 95% CI=1.076-1.360) and
haplotype rs1111875C-rs5015480C (
<0.001, OR=1.364; 95% CI=1.180-1.576) were the risk factors of T2DM.

Our results revealed that genetic variations in
and
were associated with T2DM susceptibility in Chinese population.
Our results revealed that genetic variations in CDKAL1 and HHEX were associated with T2DM susceptibility in Chinese population.
To evaluate the association of in-hospital surgical bleeding events with the outcomes of hospital length of stay (LOS), days spent in critical care, complications, and mortality among patients undergoing neoplasm-directed surgeries in English hospitals.

This is a retrospective cohort study using English hospital discharge data (Hospital Episode Statistics [HES]) linked to electronic health records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD]). PDD00017273 HES includes information on patient demographics, admission and discharge dates, diagnoses and procedures, days spent in critical care, and discharge status. CPRD includes information on patient demographics, diagnoses and symptoms, drug exposures, vaccination history, and laboratory tests. Patients aged ≥18 years who underwent selected neoplasm-directed surgeries between 1-Jan-2010 and 29-February-2016 hysterectomy, low anterior resection (LAR), lung resection, mastectomy, and prostate surgery were included. The primary independent variable was in-hospital surgical ctomy to 6.5 (CI=2.5-13.6) hysterectomy days more; and higher incidence proportions of all examined complications; all
<0.05.

This study quantifies a substantial clinical and healthcare resource utilization burden associated with surgical bleeding among patients undergoing neoplasm-directed surgery in England hospitals.
This study quantifies a substantial clinical and healthcare resource utilization burden associated with surgical bleeding among patients undergoing neoplasm-directed surgery in England hospitals.
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