Notes

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TB showed a strong correlation with MOI (
< 0.001) and LHR; and no significant association was noted between LHR and MOI. Among all the clinicopathological parameters, depth of invasion, pT, WPOI, PNI and LHR showed significant correlation with outcome.

TB, MOI and LHR showed good correlation with established parameters and as they are easy and helps in prognostication, they should be included in routine histopathological reporting guidelines.
TB, MOI and LHR showed good correlation with established parameters and as they are easy and helps in prognostication, they should be included in routine histopathological reporting guidelines.
Dental caries is an infectious disease affecting majority of children in the modern world. An acidogenic diet brings down plaque pH, leading to dental caries. However, certain foods bring about rapid reversal of plaque pH after an acidogenic challenge.
and
leaves which are anticariogenic show promise in this regard.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary pH reversal phenomenon by chewing
and
leaves after an acidogenic challenge.

Forty caries-free children were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The resting salivary pH and salivary pH after eating chocolate was measured using a pH meter at time intervals of 5, 30 and 60 min. The children were then instructed to chew
and
leaves after chocolate consumption, and salivary pH was again measured at 5, 30 and 60 min. The change in salivary pH was assessed.

The data obtained were analyzed using Student's
-test (two tailed, dependent) to find the significance of the study parameters. The level of significance was set at
< 0.05.

Chewing
and
leaves after chocolate consumption increased salivary pH to statistically significant values at 5, 30 and 60 min.

The observations of the study show that chewing of
and
leaves reversed the drop in salivary pH levels after an acidogenic challenge.
The observations of the study show that chewing of A. indica and O. sanctum leaves reversed the drop in salivary pH levels after an acidogenic challenge.
Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts are keratinizing jaw cysts and due their association with impacted teeth and keratinaceous content, they resemble odontogenic keratocysts but differ in regards to biological behaviour, being less aggressive. To unravel the nature of OOCs, as they resemble epidermoid cysts histologically and due to their developmental resemblances to OKCs, this study was conducted.

To compare the cytokeratin expressions of CK 10 and CK 19 among orthokeratinized odontogenic keratocysts, epidermoid cysts and odontogenic keratocysts by immunohistochemical study.

30 cases of all three cysts were collected, 10 cases in each of these cysts (OOCs, EDCs and OKCs) were incubated with CK 10 and CK 19 markers respectively. IHC staining was performed and assessed all layers of epithelium. this website All the data were analyzed using SPSS software, P values were obtained by the Chi-square test and Fisher's test.

The expression pattern of CK10 showed 100% positive in both OOCs and EDCs with significant differeifferences were found between OOCs & EDCs and OOCs & OKCs, implying that OOCs resemble both EDCs and OKCs.
Ameloblastoma among benign tumors holds a unique position by its locally destructive and invasive nature. Tumors that originate from the odontogenic apparatus or its remnants in the jaws show diverse clinical presentations, behavior and histologic patterns. The differed biological behavior behind follicular and plexiform ameloblastomas has never attained completeness because of the lack of rhythmic correlation regarding the exact mechanism. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways play a crucial role in survival, death and differentiation during physiologic and pathologic conditions. With this background, the study has been aimed to investigate the expression of NF-κB in follicular and plexiform ameloblastomas.

The objective of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression pattern of NF-κB in ameloblastoma and to compare the immunohistochemical expression pattern of NF-κB among the histological types of ameloblastoma, follicular and plexiform patterns.

Total 20 ameloblastomas (10 follicular, 10 plexiform) were immunostained with antihuman NF-κB p65 mouse IgG monoclonal antibody, and the pattern of staining is statistically analyzed using Chi-square test with the level of significance (
< 0.05).

Twelve (3 follicular, 9 plexiform) out of 20 ameloblastomas showed immunoreactivity to NF-κB p65. In ameloblastoma, only the peripheral preameloblast-like tall columnar cells showed reactivity, whereas the stellate reticulum-like cells are immunonegative. The staining pattern was membranous in the immunoreactive cells. The results were studied with the associated and inducing pathways from the literature, and a possible mechanism has been proposed.

The expression pattern of NF-κB was found to be higher in plexiform ameloblastoma than follicular ameloblastoma.
The expression pattern of NF-κB was found to be higher in plexiform ameloblastoma than follicular ameloblastoma.
Routinely, naked eye and a magnified glass are used to observe the specimens during grossing procedure. Stereomicroscope is a significant adjuvant to examine a variety of specimens and it enables us to examine the surface details of the specimen efficiently.

To assess the role of stereomicroscope in macroscopic examination and its effectiveness in the study of surface details of the specimen, thereby evaluating its role as an effective tool in grossing and histopathological diagnosis.

The study sample consisted of routine specimens received by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, between July 15, 2018, and September 15, 2018. All the specimens were photographed under direct daylight ad later examined under stereomicroscope. The images were compared and grossing was carried out. The grossed specimen were processed using standard procedure and histopathological diagnosis was made.

Compared to naked eye, the stereomicroscopic observation of specimens showed better details which helped in proper orientation of the specimen.
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