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Paper-based mediatorless enzymatic microfluidic biofuel cellular material.
Copyright © 2019 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences.Recombinant epithelial cell adhesion molecule extracellular domain (EpEX) has a high potential as a candidate for passive and active immunotherapy as well as cancer vaccination. In the present study, EpEX was expressed as a thioredoxin fusion protein in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The effect of different hosts and expression conditions on the expression level of the fusion protein was also evaluated. Moreover, the effect of temperature and isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration on protein solubility was assessed. The codon optimized-synthetic gene was cloned into pET32a (+) expression vector and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3), Rosetta™ (DE3), and Origami™ (DE3). The protein expression was confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting. Lowering the expression temperature to 16 °C and IPTG concentration to 0.5 mM also dramatically increased the volumetric productivity of the fusion protein. In optimum culture condition, high-level expression of the target fusion protein was detected in Rosetta™ (DE3) and Origami™ (DE3) (207 and 334 μg/mL, respectively), though they were expressed as inclusion bodies. No improvement was observed in the solubility of the fusion protein by reducing the temperature or IPTG concentration even when expressed in a TrxB/gor mutant strain. Results showed that Trx tag combined with other strategies utilized here could be effective to achieve high level of protein production but not effective in solubility improvement. However, new approaches might be necessary to enhance the solubility of EpEX in the E. coli system. Copyright © 2019 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences.Several studies have supported the preventive and therapeutic values of phenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin, rutin, catechin, kaempferol, and quercetin in mental disorders. Since these secondary metabolites are reported as the phenolic compounds of Artemisia dracunculus (A. dracunculus) and Stachys lavandulifolia (S. AG 825 lavandulifolia), the main aim of this study was the evaluation and comparison of the phenolic contents, flavonoids, and antidepressant-like activity of Artemisia dracunculus with Stachys lavandulifolia. Antidepressant-like activity of the extracts was evaluated in the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). Moreover, the open field test was conducted to evaluate the general locomotor activity of mice following treatment with the extracts. Since phenolic compounds and flavonoids play main roles in pharmacological effects, the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were measured. Though significant difference between the phenolic contents of the extracts was not observed, but S. lavandulifolia exhibited higher flavonoid contents. Animal treatment with extracts decreased the immobility times in both FST and TST compared to the vehicle group without any significant effect on the locomotor activity of animals. Also, S. lavandulifolia at 400 mg/kg showed higher potency in both tests compared to A. dracunculus. Our results provided promising evidence on the antidepressant-like activity of both extracts which could be related to flavonoids as the main components of the extracts, but more studies need to be conducted to specify the main compounds and the mechanisms involved in the observed effects. Copyright © 2019 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences.A series of N-aryl-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-phenylpropanamides derivatives were synthesized in two steps. Phthalic anhydride and phenylalanine are first reacted under microwave radiation to form 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-phenylpropanoic acid, which finally took part in an amidation reaction with different anilines. The final products were characterized by infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and mass spectroscopy techniques. The antiepileptic activity of the synthesized compounds at a fixed dose of 10 mg/kg was evaluated by pentylenetetrazole at 70 mg/kg induced seizure threshold method in male mice (n = 5) and compared with aqueous DMSO (10 %, v/v; as negative control) and thalidomide (70 mg/kg; as positive control). The results indicated that compounds 5c, 5e, and 5f as well as thalidomide significantly have higher latency time than what observed with aqueous DMSO (P less then 0.05). The seizure latency threshold for 5e and 5f were statistically similar to the results of thalidomide but compound 5c showed significantly higher latency time than thalidomide. While, the electron-deficient benzene ring (5a and 5b) has demonstrated the lowest activity but compound 5e, which is the most electron rich product among tested compounds, showed good antiepileptic activity. Molecular docking was performed in order to understand how the synthetized compounds, interact with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor. Docking results were in good harmony with experimental data and indicated that lowest binding energy belongs to compound 5c, which has strongest interactions with the active site of GABAA receptor. Compound 5c could be used for further investigation. Copyright © 2019 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences.Oxidative stress is a major complication in diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate potential antioxidant activity of coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10) against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rat and unraveling its mechanism of action by focusing on silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression level. Furthermore, the activity of two Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the liver of diabetic rats was studied. After induction of diabetes in rats using streptozotocin (55 mg/kg), rats were divided into five groups of six each. Groups 1 and 2 (healthy control groups) were injected with isotonic saline or sesame oil; group 3 received Co Q10 (10 mg /Kg /day), group 4, as a diabetic control, received sesame oil; and group 5 was diabetic rats treated with Co Q10. Afterwards, serum and liver samples were collected, and oxidative stress markers, lipid profile, as well as the expression of Sirt1 and Nrf2 genes were measured.
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