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Total Syntheses and Anti-inflammatory Activities associated with Syringin and it is Normal Analogues.
Caregivers perceived themselves as moderately burdened, and thought that their lives had changed for the worse because of caregiving (mean score 2.82, SD = 0.98). Caregivers were moderately depressed (mean score 1.80, SD 0.42). Multiple regression analysis showed that the perceived difficulty of caregiving tasks and patients' self-perceived burden predicted the caregiver outcomes. The difficulty of caregiver tasks explained 38% of the overall variance in the caregiver outcomes. Patient's self-perceived burden on their caregivers explained 16.4% of the variance. Conclusion Factors that affect the burden on caregivers of dialysis patients should be identified and interventions considered to support caregivers and reduce this burden.Background Counterfeit medicines are a threat to public health and the national economy in Egypt. The many community pharmacists in the country could help prevent counterfeit medicines reaching the patient. Information on community pharmacists' perceptions of counterfeit medicines is lacking. Aims This study assessed the awareness, practices and perceptions of community pharmacists in Alexandria, Egypt with regard to counterfeit medicines. The aim was to identify gaps and inadequacies in pharmacy practice that might allow infiltration of counterfeit medicines in the legitimate medicine supply chain. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of 175 community pharmacists in Alexandria in 2014-2015. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was used to assess their perceptions, awareness and practices. The chi-squared test was used to assess the relationships between selected pharmacists' characteristics and their awareness, purchasing practice and training related to counterfeit medicines. Results Most pharmacists thought medicine counterfeiting was widespread in Egypt and that they could contribute to combatting the problem. However, most also lacked a clear perception of counterfeit medicines, an awareness of their danger to patients or the legislation to reduce them. Their procurement practices and detection of counterfeit medicines and handling of incidents of counterfeit medicines were inadequate. Pharmacists who thought counterfeit medicines were widespread or a health threat were significantly more likely to purchase medicines from certified sources (P less then 0.05). Conclusion Pharmacists should be developed as a frontline resource to combat counterfeit medicines. To enhance their role, the pharmacy curriculum needs to be updated and continuing professional development activities mandated.Background Equity in the use of health care services is an issue which has increasingly been on the health policy agenda over recent years in both middle- and low-income countries. Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree and progress of equity in health care utilization in Turkey during 2008-2012. Methods Wed use data from health surveys (2008, 2010, 2012) conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute. The concentration index (CI) and the horizontal equity index (HI) were calculated as a measure of equity, and a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis was applied. Results The general practitioner (GP), specialist and inpatient visits display a pro-poor orientation. Averages of the CI and HI indices for 2008-2012 were 0.74 and -0.17 for GP visits, 0.75 and -0.13 for specialist visits, 0.83 and -0.31 for inpatient visits. Conclusion Our findings indicate that health care utilization in Turkey appears to have become equitable over the years; however, the sustainability of equity is an issue of concern.Background Clinical trials are important to improve public health care. However, recruiting participants for trials can be difficult. Aims This study assessed public knowledge of and willingness to participate in clinical trials in Jordan and examine the sociodemographic characteristics associated with knowledge and willingness and the reasons behind unwillingness to participate. Methods The questions were part of a representative, population-based survey in 2011 that included 3196 Jordanian individuals. In a home-based interview, participants were asked about sociodemographic characteristics, and knowledge of and participation in clinical trials. Results Only 21.8% of respondents knew what a clinical trial was and (1.2%) had participated in a trial. About 25% of respondents indicated their willingness to enrol in a trial. Significantly more men (24.1%) than women (19.3%) knew what clinical trials were (P less then 0.001), whereas more women (4.3%) than men (2.9%) said they would be very likely to agree to participate in trials. People aged 40-49 years had better knowledge of and greater willingness to participate in trials than other age groups. Income was positively associated with knowledge of trials but negatively associated with willingness to participate. Higher education was positively correlated with knowledge of and willingness to take part in trials. The main reasons for not participating in trials were concern about the risk to own health (61.1%) and not being convinced about the outcome and benefits of clinical trials (29.7%). Conclusion The low level of knowledge of and willingness to participate in clinical trials indicates that strategies are needed to educate the public about the nature and importance of clinical trials.Background Priority-setting is one way to develop research in a particular field. Aims We aimed to identify and prioritize the most important medical ethics issues for research in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods A 3-round Delphi survey was conducted using a questionnaire covering 77 medical ethics topics in 10 categories and subcategories (extracted from literature review); this was emailed to 40 experts in medical ethics. The participants rated categories and subcategories for importance on a 5-point Likert scale and ranked the topics based on their research priorities. The highest Likert score showed the most important issue and the lowest priority score indicated the first priority. NS 105 Results After consensus, the panel identified 6 categories as the highest priority and most important areas professionalism [priority score = 2.66, standard deviation (SD) 2.63, importance score = 4.45, SD 0.72], education (priority score=3.12, SD 1.89, importance score = 4.25, SD 0.84), end of life (priority score = 3.79, SD 1.
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