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BACKGROUND CONTEXT Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating conditions for which spine decompression and stabilization of injury remains the only therapy available in the clinical setup. However, fibrous scar formation during the healing process significantly impairs full recovery. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNA(s) and initiating translational repression or mRNA degradation. It has been reported that microRNA-133b (miR133b) is highly expressed in regenerating neurons following an SCI in zebrafish, and lentiviral delivery of miR133b at the time of SCI in mice resulted in improved functional recovery. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether intravenous delivery of miR133b enhances spinal cord recovery when administered 24 hours following a cervical contusion injury in mice. STUDY DESIGN This is an experimental animal study of acute SCI, investigating the effect of miR133b on spinal cord recovery by targeting scar lesion n urgent medical need for better treatments of SCIs. Based on our findings in a preclinical model, the miR133b/Ago2 system specifically targets fibrous scar formation, a barrier in neuronal regrowth, by remodeling ECM molecules at the injury site. Prevention of scar formation is critical to improved outcomes of treatment. Of note, delivery of miR133b/Ago2 was initiated 24 hours after traumatic impact, thus indicating a fairly long window of opportunity providing more time and flexibility for therapeutic intervention. Intravenous miR133b may become a beneficial therapeutic strategy to treat patients with acute SCI. check details BACKGROUND Surgical site infections are a major driver of morbidity and increased costs in the postoperative period after spine surgery. Current tools for surveillance of these adverse events rely on prospective clinical tracking, manual retrospective chart review, or administrative procedural and diagnosis codes. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop natural language processing (NLP) algorithms for automated reporting of postoperative wound infection requiring reoperation after lumbar discectomy. PATIENT SAMPLE Adult patients undergoing discectomy at two academic and three community medical centers between January 1st, 2000 and July 31st, 2019 for lumbar disc herniation. OUTCOME MEASURES Reoperation for wound infection within 90-days after surgery METHODS Free-text notes of patients who underwent surgery from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2015 were used for algorithm training. Free-text notes of patients who underwent surgery after January 1st, 2016 were used for algorithm testing. Manual chhe potential to dramatically improve and automatize quality and safety reporting. BACKGROUND CONTEXT Facility volume has been correlated with survival in many cancers. This relationship has not been established in primary malignant bone tumors of the vertebral column (BTVC). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether facility patient volume is associated with overall survival in patients with primary malignant BTVCs. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective comparative cohort PATIENT SAMPLE Adult patients with chordomas, chondrosarcomas, or osteosarcomas of the mobile spine. OUTCOME MEASURES 5-year survival METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 733 patients with primary malignant BTVCs in the national cancer database (NCDB) from 2004 through 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to correlate specific outcome measures with facility volume. Volume was stratified based on cumulative martingale residuals to determine the inflection point of negative to positive impact on survival based on the patient cohort. Long-term survival was compared between patients treated at high and low volume using the Kaplan-ant BTVCs are rare, even for HVCs. Despite this, patient survival was significantly improved when treatment was performed at HVCs. It appears that electronic cigarettes (EC) are a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarette (CC) smoking, as they generate substantially lower levels of harmful carcinogens and other toxic compounds. Thus, switching from CC to EC may be beneficial for smokers. However, recent accounts of EC- or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) has raised concerns regarding their adverse health effects. Additionally, the increasing popularity of EC among vulnerable populations, such as adolescents and pregnant women, calls for further EC safety evaluation. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an update on recent findings regarding the neurological effects induced by EC exposure. Moreover, we discuss possible neurotoxic effects of nicotine and numerous other chemicals which are inherent both to e-liquids and EC aerosols. We conclude that in recognizing pertinent issues associated with EC usage, both government and scientific researchers must address this public health issue with utmost urgency. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is often present in groundwater. Chronic Cr(VI) exposure is suggested to be one of the main factors inducing cancer. However, the correlation between Cr(VI) and CRC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Cr(VI) in CRC by establishing a mouse CRC model induced by 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The results showed that Cr(VI) increased weight loss in DMH-induced mice and promoted the formation of tumors. Cr(VI) also increased DMH-induced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms found that Cr(VI) significantly decreased DMH-induced SOD, GSH and CAT levels, while, the MDA level increased. Metagenomic analyses found that the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the DMH + Cr group was down-regulated. Interestingly, the combination of Cr(VI) and DMH significantly increased the abundance of Verrucomicrobia. At the family and genus levels, families Akkermansiaceae and Saccharimonadaceae and genus Akkermansia were more abundant in the DMH + Cr group, whereas the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (family Muribaculaceae, family Lachnosipiraceae, genus Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and genus Roseburia) decreased. These results indicate that Cr(VI) might aggravate CRC by altering the composition of the gut microflora.
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