Notes

In the direction of deployable electrochemical devices for per- and polyfluoroalkyl ingredients (PFAS).
Several studies have examined the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury history among relatives of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction (ACLR), but they have primarily analyzed adults with variable results.

We hypothesized that he rate of familial ACL injuries among pediatric patients with ACL tears would be greater than that among pediatric patients with uninjured knees.

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Pediatric patients (≤18 years of age) who underwent ACLR between January 2009 and May 2016 were contacted to complete a questionnaire on subsequent complications and family history of ACL tears. Ipatasertib A control cohort was recruited from children with uninjured knees seen in the concussion clinic of our institution. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors predictive of having a familial ACL tear history or complications.

Overall, 450 pediatric patients with primary ACL tears were included. Age at the time of surgery was 14.9 ± 2.2 years with a follow-up of 4.3 ± 2.1 years. When CL injury is more likely in pediatric patients with ACL tears than in uninjured children. Further, patients undergoing primary ACLR as well as a strong family history of ACL tears are more likely to sustain a postoperative graft rupture or complication requiring surgery.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common sports-related injuries, and they can have a negative impact on players' ability to return to play (RTP). There is a paucity of literature focused on RTP after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in collision sports.

To characterize the impact that an ACL injury has on the ability to RTP and the post-ACLR performance level in American football players.

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

An electronic search was performed using the following databases the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Included studies were written in English; were published since the year 2000; examined only American football players; and reported on RTP, performance, and/or career length after primary ACLR.

The initial search yielded 442 unique studies. Of these, 427 were removed after screening, leaving 15 studies that met incy several factors, including playing position, preinjury performance level, and National Football League Draft round. These results may be used by physicians and football players to develop reasonable expectations for returning to play and performance after an ACL injury.
Professional rodeo is a sport with a high risk of injuries for which research is needed to support interventions. To date, there have been no epidemiological studies performed specifically on hip conditions sustained during rodeo.

To describe the epidemiology of hip conditions in professional rodeo.

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Deidentified hip injury data from electronic medical records of the Justin Sportsmedicine Team from 2011 to 2014 were analyzed for risk, frequency, type, location, and mechanism, as well as activity phase, of hip injuries.

A total of 84 hip injuries among 82 adult male and female athletes were reported, resulting in an overall hip injury density of 0.41 injuries per 1000 competitor-exposures (95% CI, 0.0003-0.0005) and a risk probability of 0.04%. Rough stock athletes sustained 83.3% of hip injuries, with bull riders sustaining 50.0
of the injuries. Contusions (45.2%), impingement (15.5%), and hip strains (13.1%) were the most common injuries. Athletes were most likelseverity of injuries to the hip, such as protective padding, proprioceptive training, and eccentric strength training, should be implemented.
Patella alta has been noted to be a risk factor for recurrent patellar instability.

We conducted a radiographic study to determine whether a patellar tendon imbrication technique normalizes patellar height as well as whether the shortened length is maintained at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

A total of 54 consecutive patients were identified after a retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent patellar tendon imbrication between 2008 and 2013. Preoperative, 3 weeks postoperative, and minimum 2 years postoperative lateral radiographs were analyzed using Insall-Salvati (IS), Blackburne-Peel (BP), and Caton-Deschamps (CD) indices to determine the amount of shortening that was achieved after the procedure and to what degree that shortening was maintained at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

A total of 27 patients (32 knees) completed a minimum 2-year follow-up. The mean patellar tendon length preoperatively was 6.1 cm (range, 5-8 cm). At 3 weeks and 2 yeaon at a minimum 2-year follow-up. In the skeletally immature patient, this technique allows correction of patella alta by avoidance of a tibial tuberosity osteotomy.
Previous studies have reported visually observed apparent muscle atrophy in the infraspinous fossa of the dominant arm of overhead athletes. Several mechanisms have been proposed as etiological factors, including eccentric overload, compressive spinoglenoid notch paralabral cysts, and cumulative tensile suprascapular neurapraxia.

To report the prevalence of apparent infraspinatus atrophy in male professional tennis players and to determine whether the suspected atrophy correlates with objectively measured weakness of external rotation.

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

A total of 153 male professional tennis players underwent a musculoskeletal screening examination that included visual inspection of the infraspinous fossa. Infraspinatus atrophy was defined as hollowing or loss of soft tissue bulk inferior to the scapular spine in the infraspinous fossa of one extremity that was visibly different from the contralateral extremity. This finding was observed and independently agreed upon by botPlayers with visually observed infraspinatus atrophy should be evaluated for external rotation strength and may require preventive strengthening.
Functional training, also known as CrossFit, is a unique sport that combines weightlifting, gymnastics, and metabolic conditioning into a single program. There are an estimated 50 functional training centers in Malaysia.

To analyze the injury rates, patterns, and risk factors of functional training/CrossFit.

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Electronic questionnaires were distributed to 244 participants from 15 centers in the country. Descriptive data regarding the athletes, injury occurrence within the past 6 months, injury details, and risk factors were collected.

Of the 244 athletes, 112 (46%) developed at least 1 new injury over the previous 6 months. Injury rates were significantly higher in athletes from nonaffiliate training gyms compared with CrossFit-affiliated gyms, in athletes with previous injuries, and in those who perceived themselves as having more than average fitness.

Coaches and athletes need to be more aware of risk factors for injury to enable safer and better training strategies.
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