Notes

Intraspecific crossability and also match ups within Solanum aethiopicum.
2% and 27.6%, respectively. The biggest proportion of patients with depression was in senior patients (>45 years old) with 37.5%. The fraction of unmarried/divorced respondents was bigger than coupled respondents, with a percentage of 43.5 and 27.5, respectively.

The prevalence of depression in pulmonary TB patients who visited the Pulmonary Clinic of the State Hospital of Makassar reached over one-third of the total patients. Depression was more prevalent among female patients, patients within the age of >45 years, and unmarried/divorced patients, respectively.
45 years, and unmarried/divorced patients, respectively.
Previously, we had a course in epidemiology for medical undergraduates that was based on traditional lecture methods with no formal formative assessment (FA). We found poor uptake of our course in terms of learning and attendance by students.

The objective was to assess the effect of improved course (interactive lectures and formal FA) in epidemiology on student learning and attendance.

It was a triangulation type of mixed-methods program evaluation, where both quantitative (quasi-experimental design) and qualitative (open-ended responses) analysis was done. This study was carried out in the department of community medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Puducherry. We improved the quality of the course material, interaction in lectures and included formal structured FA in the last course. Kirkpatrick's framework was used for the course evaluation. We compared the performance of three batches to check the effect of our revisions on students' learning and their attendance.

Student's learning outcome was measured using end-of-course assessment scores (Level-2). The percentage of students successfully completing the course improved from 39% to 81% and attendance status of ≥90% improved from 50% to 57%. Learner's immediate reactions (Level-1) were captured using open-ended questions, and content analysis was done. Students appreciated the course material, FAs, and in-class activity.

Little improvement in a traditional epidemiology course for undergraduates in the form of interactive lectures and formative feedback and providing the student with course material led to significant gains in students' knowledge and attendance.
Little improvement in a traditional epidemiology course for undergraduates in the form of interactive lectures and formative feedback and providing the student with course material led to significant gains in students' knowledge and attendance.
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer in women worldwide and is increasing particularly in developing countries where the majority of cases are diagnosed in late stages. Early detection at an early stage by mammography screening leads to better prognosis and improves the survival rate for this malignancy. The aim of the study was to analyze factors that affect mammography screening utilization among educated women.

A total of 700 educated women aged 40 years and older were included in a community-based cross-sectional interview survey that was conducted in between June 2017 and August 2018 in Al Beheira governorate Egypt.

Multivariate logistic regression revealed that lack of knowledge about mammography (odds ratio [OR] = 9.8), education level (OR = 6.0), employment status (OR = 3.5), cancer fatalism (OR = 3.0), residence (OR = 2.8), fear of embarrassment (OR = 2.6, fear of positive result (OR = 2.4), family income (OR = 1.9), and health insurance (OR = 1.8) were significant (
< 0.05) predictors of mammography screening utilization.

Mammography utilization screening rate is low. Lack of knowledge about mammography, cultural norms, and socioeconomic factors were barriers to mammography screening.
Mammography utilization screening rate is low. see more Lack of knowledge about mammography, cultural norms, and socioeconomic factors were barriers to mammography screening.
Noncommunicable diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and chronic lung diseases and are collectively responsible for almost 70% of all deaths worldwide. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predisposes to coronary artery disease irrespective of age, gender, or family history of diabetes.

The aims of this study were as follows (1) to assess the prevalence and its predictors of obesity among the urban population, (2) to analyze the association of obesity with MetS, and (3) to analyze the correlation of obesity with different components of MetS.

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area of Rishikesh. The World Health Organization STEPS instrument and protocol were used for the assessment of risk factors and measurements. The sample size was calculated to be 478. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Appropriate statistical tests for bivariate and multivariate analysis were done.
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The prevalence of MetS amongof MetS is higher among obese individuals, health interventions required to reduce the morbidity/mortality and need to be addressed in adult populations.
Promotion of maternal health should be an integrated approach comprising adequate planning of pregnancy coupled with the awareness of the available maternal and child health services and its utilization.

The aim of this study is to determine birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) among antenatal and postnatal women and to assess the factors related to it.

This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 antenatal and postnatal women attending a tertiary care hospital of Karad. Antenatal women in their third trimester and postnatal women up to Postnatal day-7 were included. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained before the commencement of the study. All the women were interviewed after their informed consent using the appropriately validated and modified BPACR tool developed with respect to the Indian setup. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out to determine the various associated factors with BPACR.

The study population comprised 55.5% antenatal mothers and 44.5% postnatal mothers. The BPACR index was found to be 59.56, and the maximum had a good BPACR 208 (52%). There was poor knowledge regarding blood transfusion, danger signs, and available community resources. A higher level of education had a statistically significant association with BPACR (46.2%) in women educated above high school). Women belonging to the upper class had two times, and postnatal women had 2.02 times increased chances for a good BPACR.

An inclusion of components related to BPACR during pregnancy will improve timely and adequate access to healthcare, better management of complications, and thereby improve both maternal and fetal outcomes.
An inclusion of components related to BPACR during pregnancy will improve timely and adequate access to healthcare, better management of complications, and thereby improve both maternal and fetal outcomes.
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