Notes

Inhibition of the ʟ-glutamine transporter ASCT2 sensitizes lcd cell myeloma tissues to be able to proteasome inhibitors.
Our proposed approach can be viewed as pivotal in designing tunable protein-based scaffolds for the next generation of skin tissue growth devices.Ulcerative colitis is a chronic mucosal inflammatory condition that adversely affects colon and rectum. Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and is prescribed for the management of pain and other inflammatory disorders. The physicochemical properties of celecoxib limit its clinical potency. Here we developed nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using Generally Recognized as Safe and US-FDA approved compounds for encapsulating celecoxib. Present study was aimed to evaluate efficacy of eudragit-S100-coated celecoxib-loaded NLCs against DSS-induced colitis in mice. NLCs were formulated by hot-melt method and possessed the average particle size of 250.90 nm and entrapment efficiency (%) was 59.89%. Furthermore, size, shape and morphology of NLCs were confirmed using TEM, SEM and AFM. The blank NLCs were cytocompatible against hTERT-BJ cells up to a dose of 200 μg/ml. Treatment with celecoxib-loaded NLCs alleviated severity of colitis as demonstrated by disease activity index, colon length, fecal occult blood test, and histopathological analysis. Moreover, treatment with celecoxib-loaded NLCs reduced disintegration of goblets cells and restores sulfomucin in colon. Celecoxib-nanoformulation markedly reduced colonic inflammation as evidenced by decreased immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and iNOS. The observations of study suggest that lipid-based colon specific delivery of celecoxib may be used for management of colitis.In present work, we demonstrate a single step environmentally benign approach to synthesize Au/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) using aqueous extract of Clove buds for the first time. Clove bud's (CB) extract has proficiency to act as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the formation of Au/Ag BMNPs. In presence of extract, AuIII and AgI are reduced competitively within same solution and produce Au/Ag alloy NPs. The kinetics besides the formation of NPs was studied using UV-visible spectroscopy and efficiency of the extract was monitored by varying contact time, temperature, pH and extract concentration. The electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of NPs with peculiar morphology at alkaline pH. Further, the existence of Au and Ag atoms was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that Eugenol in the extract is mainly responsible for the production of NPs which are also surrounded by various phytochemicals. Zeta potential of all the NPs is found to be negative which prevents their agglomeration due to inter-repulsion and the biosynthesized Au/Ag BMNPs revealed greater catalytic efficiency for the degradation of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and reduction of p-nitrophenol (p-NP). Significant enhancement induced by BMNPs compared to individual monometallic nanoparticles (MMNPs) was assigned to the synergistic effect of MMNPs and coating of phytochemicals present in the CB extract.As cartilage is one of the few tissues in the human body that is not vascularized, the body has very limited capabilities to repair cartilage defects. Hence, novel condro-instructive biomaterials facilitating cartilage formation by implanted chondrocytes are required. In this work, an oxidized alginate-gelatin hydrogel system, alginate-di-aldehyde (ADA) and gelatin (GEL), was used to fabricate 3D printed grid-like structures for cartilage tissue engineering. Enzymatic and ionic crosslinking techniques using microbial transglutaminase (mTG) and divalent ions (CaCl2) were combined to ensure long-term stability of the 3D printed structures. Human nasoseptal chondrocytes were embedded in ADA-GEL prior to 3D printing. Cell viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity were analyzed after 7 and 14 days. The influence of the enzymatic crosslinking and the 3D printing process on the primary human chondrocytes were investigated. It was found that neither the 3D printing process nor the crosslinking by mTG impaired chondrocyte viability. The formation of the main cartilage-specific extracellular matrix components collagen type II and cartilage proteoglycans was shown by immunohistochemical staining. The combination of enzymatic and ionic crosslinking for the 3D printing of ADA-GEL hydrogels is therefore a promising approach for the 3D cultivation of primary human chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering.Here, for the first time, a nanofibrous (NF) wound dressing comprising biomineralized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers is developed. In contrast to the majority of the currently available nanofibrous wound dressings that are based on natural polymers, PAN is a synthetic, industrial polymer, which has been rarely considered for this purpose. selleck kinase inhibitor PAN NFs are first hydrolyzed to allow for tethering of biofunctional agents (here Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)). Later, the biofunctionlized PAN NFs are biomineralized by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). As a result, core-shell, calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (HA)/BSA/PAN nanofibers form, that are mechanically stronger (elastic modulus; 8.5 vs. 6 MPa) compared to the untreated PAN NFs. The biomineralized PAN NFs showed promising bioactivity as reflected in the cell biology tests with fibroblast and keratinocyte cells. Hs68 fibroblasts and HaCat keratinocytes were found to be more viable in the presence of the biomineralized NFs than when they were co-cultured with the neat PAN NFs. Such mechanical and biological characteristics of the biomineralized PAN NFs are favorable for wound dressing applications.Unlike conventional drug carriers, time-controlled release systems do not release drug immediately, but start to release drug after a predetermined lag time. Coating a drug-loaded core with an erodible barrier is a valid way to defer drug release, however, the complicated erosion behavior of the erodible coatings makes it difficult to predict and tune the lag time. Herein we proposed that dynamic layer-by-layer films, using hydrogen-bonded poly(ethylene glycol)/tannic acid (PEG/TA) film as an example, are ideal erodible coatings, because their erosion mechanism is clear and simple, and they disintegrate at constant rate. As a proof, we demonstrated that the release of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from BMS spheres can be deferred by PEG/TA coating. More importantly, the lag time can be simply tuned by the thickness of the coating. By mixing bimodal mesoporous silica (BMS) spheres coated with different thickness PEG/TA films, multiple pulse release was achieved. Similar release patterns were also successfully achieved in vivo.
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