Notes

About three new types of Smithiomyces through exotic Asia support a great amphi-Pacific disjunct syndication inside the genus.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite numerous attempts to identify prognostic markers for the CRC patients, the significance of the association of cellular proliferation markers with survival is controversial. Here we used immunohistochemistry to detect four markers of cellular proliferation expressed in primary CRC tissue specimens (n = 269) to assess their potential to serve as prognostic factors. CRC cells variably expressed phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) (range, 0-76 per high-powered field (HPF); median, 7 per HPF), cyclin A (CCNA) (range, 11.3-73.7%; median, 32%), geminin (GMNN) (range, 7.8-82.0%; median, 37.1%), and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) (range, 4.9-96.6%; median, 49.6%). Among them, patients with PHH3-high (≥7 per HPF) tumors uniquely experienced significantly longer 5-year survival than those with PHH3-low (≤6 per HPF) (81.8% vs. 65.5%; P = 0.0047). Multivariable Cox hazards regression analysis identified PHH3-high (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.92; P = 0.025) as potential favorable factors. PHH3 levels inversely associated with pT stage (P  less then  0.0001) and were significantly and inversely associated with tumor diameter (ρ = -0.314, P  less then  0.0001). These findings support the use of PHH3 immunohistochemistry for predicting the prognoses of patients with CRC.
The number of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and cancer is rapidly increasing in clinical practice. The impact of cancer on clinical outcomes in this patient population is unclear, as is the performance of the HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol) and CHA
DS
-VASc (Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age ≥ 75 years, Diabetes Mellitus, Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack, Vascular Disease, Age 65 to 74 Years, Sex Category) scores.

This was an observational, retrospective cohort study including 2,435,541 adults hospitalized with AF. The authors investigated the incidence rates (IRs) of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) according to the presence of cancer and cancer types.

Overall, 399,344 (16.4%) had cancer, with the most common cancers being metastatic, prostatic, colorectal, lung, breast, and bladder. During a mean follome types, the risk of bleeding seemed to exceed the thromboembolic risk.
Cancer increased all-cause mortality, major bleeding, and ICH risk in AF patients. The association between cancer and ischemic stroke differed among cancer types, and in some types, the risk of bleeding seemed to exceed the thromboembolic risk.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is used in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) for downstaging advanced disease and decreasing distant metastasis (DM). To the authors' knowledge, no study has specifically examined the impact of a delayed time to surgery (TTS) after NAC on oncologic outcomes. They thus aimed to identify a cutoff for TTS after NAC and its effect on survival indices.

This was a retrospective review of all patients with HNSCC receiving NAC followed by surgery with curative intent between March 2016 and March 2019 at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to identify a cutoff for TTS, and this cutoff was used to analyze the overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence rate, DM-free rate, and disease-free survival (DFS). A multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed.

One hundred one patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 24.7 months. The 3-year OS and locoregional recurrence rates did not differ with a TTS ≥ 34 days. However, the 3-year DM-free rate was significantly worse (56% vs 90%; P = .001) in the group with a TTS ≥ 34 days, and the 3-year DFS was significantly lower (26% vs 64%; P = .006). In a multivariate analysis, a TTS ≥ 34 days (hazard ratio [HR], 4.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84-13.13) and extracapsular extension (HR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.13-8.00) were significant independent predictors of a poorer DM-free rate. Weight loss > 10% (HR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.02-30.24) was the only independent predictor for a TTS ≥ 34 days.

Emphasis should be placed on early definitive locoregional treatment after NAC, particularly in patients who do not respond to NAC. There is a need to validate these findings and establish new benchmarks for the interval between NAC and surgery.
Emphasis should be placed on early definitive locoregional treatment after NAC, particularly in patients who do not respond to NAC. There is a need to validate these findings and establish new benchmarks for the interval between NAC and surgery.Highly malignant osteosarcoma (HMO) is the most frequent malignant bone tumor preferentially occurring in adolescents and children with a second more flat peak in patients over the age of 60. The younger patients benefit from combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 65-70% 5-year survival rate. In patients with metastatic HMO the 5-year survival rate is consistently poor with approximately 30%. In the last several years strategies for target therapies have been developed by using next generation sequencing (NGS) for defining targetable molecular factors. However, it has so far been challenging to establish an effective target therapy for so-called 'orphan tumors' without recognizable driver mutations, including HMO. find more The molecular genetic studies using NGS have shown that HMOs are genomically unstable tumors with highly complex chaotic karyotypes. Before the background of this genetic complexity more investigations should be performed in the future for defining targetable biological factors. As the prognosis could not be improved for 40 years one may expect improvements for patients only by gaining a deeper understanding of the cell and molecular biology of HMO. The cell of origin of HMO is being clarified now. The majority of studies indicate that an osteoblastic progenitor cell is probably the cell of origin of HMO and not an undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cell. This means that the established histopathological definition of HMO through verification of osteoid production by the osteoblastic cells is well justified and will probably be the cornerstone for a precise differential diagnosis of HMO also in the years to come.
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