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Ab initio nuclear theory provides not only a microscopic framework for quantitative description of the nuclear many-body system, but also a foundation for deeper understanding of emergent collective correlations. A symplectic Sp(3,R)⊃U(3) dynamical symmetry is identified in ab initio predictions, from a no-core configuration interaction approach, and found to provide a qualitative understanding of the spectrum of ^7Be. Low-lying states form an Elliott SU(3) spectrum, while an Sp(3,R) excitation gives rise to an excited rotational band with strong quadrupole connections to the ground state band.How weak is the weak turbulence? Here, we analyze turbulence of weakly interacting waves using the tools of information theory. It offers a unique perspective for comparing thermal equilibrium and turbulence. The mutual information between modes is stationary and small in thermal equilibrium, yet it is shown here to grow with time for weak turbulence in a finite box. VPS34 inhibitor 1 research buy We trace this growth to the concentration of probability on the resonance surfaces, which can go all the way to a singular measure. The surprising conclusion is that no matter how small is the nonlinearity and how close to Gaussian is the statistics of any single amplitude, a stationary phase-space measure is far from Gaussian, as manifested by a large relative entropy. This is a rare piece of good news for turbulence modeling the resolved scales carry significant information about the unresolved scales. The mutual information between large and small scales is the information capacity of turbulent cascade, setting the limit on the representation of subgrid scales in turbulence modeling.Superresolution techniques based on intensity measurements after a spatial mode decomposition can overcome the precision of diffraction-limited direct imaging. However, realistic measurement devices always introduce finite crosstalk in any such mode decomposition. Here, we show that any nonzero crosstalk leads to a breakdown of superresolution when the number N of detected photons is large. Combining statistical and analytical tools, we obtain the scaling of the precision limits for weak, generic crosstalk from a device-independent model as a function of the crosstalk probability and N. The scaling of the smallest distance that can be distinguished from noise changes from N^-1/2 for an ideal measurement to N^-1/4 in the presence of crosstalk.We compute mean waiting times between thermally activated magnetization reversals in a nanodisk with parameters similar to a free CoFeB layer used in magnetic random access memories. By combining Langer's theory and forward flux sampling simulations, we show that the Arrhenius prefactor can take values up to 10^21 Hz, orders of magnitude beyond the value of 10^9  Hz typically assumed, and varies drastically as a function of material parameters. We show that the prefactor behaves like an exponential of the activation energy, which highlights a case of the Meyer-Neldel compensation rule. This suggests that modeling information retention times with a barrier-independent prefactor in such magnetic storage elements is not justified.Contradictory experiments have been reported about the dimensionality effect on the charge-density-wave transition in 2H NbSe_2. While scanning tunneling experiments on single layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy measure a charge-density-wave transition temperature in the monolayer similar to the bulk, around 33 K, Raman experiments on exfoliated samples observe a large enhancement of the transition temperature up to 145 K. By employing a nonperturbative approach to deal with anharmonicity, we calculate from first principles the temperature dependence of the phonon spectra both for bulk and monolayer. In both cases, the charge-density-wave transition temperature is estimated as the temperature at which the phonon energy of the mode driving the structural instability vanishes. The obtained transition temperature in the bulk is around 59 K, in rather good agreement with experiments, and it is just slightly increased in the single-layer limit to 73 K, showing the weak dependence of the transition on dimensionality. Environmental factors could motivate the disagreement between the transition temperatures reported by experiments. Our analysis also demonstrates the predominance of ionic fluctuations over electronic ones in the melting of the charge-density-wave order.Acceleration of ultrathin foils by the laser radiation pressure promises a compact alternative to the conventional ion sources. Among the challenges on the way to practical realization, one fundamental is a strong transverse plasma instability, which develops density perturbations and breaks the acceleration. In this Letter, we develop a theoretical model supported by three-dimensional numerical simulations to explain the transverse instability growth from noise to wave breaking and its crucial effect on stopping the acceleration. The wave-broken nonlinear mode triggers rapid stochastic heating that finally explodes the target. Possible paths to mitigate this problem for getting efficient ion acceleration are discussed.The low-spin structure of the semimagic ^64Ni nucleus has been considerably expanded combining four experiments, several 0^+ and 2^+ excited states were identified below 4.5 MeV, and their properties established. The Monte Carlo shell model accounts for the results and unveils an unexpectedly complex landscape of coexisting shapes a prolate 0^+ excitation is located at a surprisingly high energy (3463 keV), with a collective 2^+ state 286 keV above it, the first such observation in Ni isotopes. The evolution in excitation energy of the prolate minimum across the neutron N=40 subshell gap highlights the impact of the monopole interaction and its variation in strength with N.Recent experiments reported gate-induced superconductivity in the monolayer 1T^'-WTe_2 which is a two-dimensional topological insulator in its normal state. The in-plane upper critical field B_c2 is found to exceed the conventional Pauli paramagnetic limit B_p by one to three times. The enhancement cannot be explained by conventional spin-orbit coupling which vanishes due to inversion symmetry. In this Letter, we unveil some distinctive superconducting properties of centrosymmetric 1T^'-WTe_2 which arise from the coupling of spin, momentum and band parity degrees of freedom. As a result of this spin-orbit-parity coupling (SOPC) (i) there is a first-order superconductor-metal transition at B_c2 that is much higher than the Pauli paramagnetic limit B_p, (ii) spin-susceptibility is anisotropic with respect to in-plane directions and can result in possible anisotropic B_c2, and (iii) the B_c2 exhibits a strong gate dependence as the spin-orbit-parity coupling is significant only near the topological band crossing points.
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