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Your relation in between vanity and also violence: A meta-analysis.
An important need exists for reliable PET tumor-segmentation methods for tasks such as PET-based radiation-therapy planning and reliable quantification of volumetric and radiomic features. To address this need, we propose an automated physics-guided deep-learning-based three-module framework to segment PET images on a per-slice basis. The framework is designed to help address the challenges of limited spatial resolution and lack of clinical training data with known ground-truth tumor boundaries in PET. The first module generates PET images containing highly realistic tumors with known ground-truth using a new stochastic and physics-based approach, addressing lack of training data. The second module trains a modified U-net using these images, helping it learn the tumor-segmentation task. The third module fine-tunes this network using a small-sized clinical dataset with radiologist-defined delineations as surrogate ground-truth, helping the framework learn features potentially missed in simulated tumors. The frd reliable performance in delineating tumors in FDG-PET images of patients with lung cancer. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.We propose a multi-view data analysis approach using radiomics and dosiomics (R&D) texture features for predicting acute-phase weight loss (WL) in lung cancer radiotherapy. Baseline weight of 388 patients who underwent intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was measured between 1 month prior to and 1 week after the start of IMRT. Weight change between 1 week and 2 months after the commencement of IMRT was analyzed, and dichotomized at 5% WL. Each Patient had a planning CT and contours of gross tumor volume (GTV) and esophagus (ESO). A total of 355 features including clinical parameter (CP), GTV and ESO (GTV&ESO) dose-volume histogram (DVH), GTV radiomics, and GTV&ESO dosiomics features were extracted. R&D features were categorized as first- (L1), second- (L2), higher-order (L3) statistics, and three combined groups, L1+L2, L2+L3 and L1+L2+L3. Multi-view texture analysis was performed to identify optimal R&D input features. In the training set (194 earlier patients), feature selection was performed usinger radiotherapy, leading to improved performance compared to using conventional DVH and/or CP features. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used for dose verification in charged particle therapy. The causes of washout of positron emitters by physiological functions should be clarified for accurate dose verification. In this study, we visualized the distribution of irradiated radioactive beams,11C and15O beams, in the rabbit whole-body using our original depth-of-interaction　(DOI)-PET prototype to add basic data for biological washout effect correction. We also collected expired gas of the rabbit during beam irradiation and the energy spectrum was measured with a germanium detector. Irradiated radioactive beams into the brain were distributed to the whole body due to the biological washout process, and the implanted11C and15O ions were concentrated in the regions which had high blood volume. The11C-labbled11CO2was detected in expired gas under the11C beam irradiation, while no significant signal was detected under the15O beam irradiation as a form of C15O2. Results suggested that the implanted11C ions form molecules that diffuse out to the whole body by undergoing perfusion, then, they are incorporated into the blood-gas exchange in the respiratory system. This study provides basic data for modelling of the biological washout effect. LOXO-305 © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.Facultative intracellular pathogens are able to live inside and outside host cells. It is highly desirable to differentiate their cellular locations for the purposes of fundamental research and clinical applications. In this work, we developed a novel analysis platform that allows users to choose two analysis models amplitude weighted lifetime (τ A) and intensity weighted lifetime (τ I) for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We applied these two models to analyse FLIM images of mouse Raw macrophage cells that were infected with bacteria Shigella Sonnei, adherent and invasive E. coli (AIEC) and Lactobacillus. The results show that the fluorescence lifetimes of bacteria depend on their cellular locations. The τ A model is superior in visually differentiating bacteria that are in extra- and intra-cellular and membrane-bounded locations, whereas the τ I model show excellent precision. Both models show speedy performances that analysis can be performed within 0.3 s. We also compared the proposed models with a widely used commercial software tool (τ C, SPC Image, Becker & Hickl GmbH), showing similar τ I and τ C results. The platform also allows users to perform phasor analysis with great flexibility to pinpoint the regions of interest from lifetime images as well as phasor plots. This platform holds the disruptive potential of replacing z-stack imaging for identifying intracellular bacteria.Temperature modulated DSC is used to study the fragility of three different bulk metallic glass forming liquids. Through applying various modulation frequencies, the dynamic glass transition shifts in temperature, allowing to determine the temperature dependence of the average relaxation time for each system. The resulting fragilities are compared with fragility investigations in literature obtained using thermo-mechanical analysis and the heating rate dependence of the calorimetric glass transition. Different methods to compare the data are evaluated and discussed. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.We report on the single crystal growth and transport properties of a topological semimetal CaAgBi which crystallizes in the hexagonalABC-type structure with the non-centrosymmetric space groupP63mc(No. 186). The transverse magnetoresistance measurements with current in the basal plane of the hexagonal crystal structure reveal a value of about 30 % forI// [10-10] direction and about 50 % forI// [1-210] direction at 10~K in an applied magnetic field of 14~T. The magnetoresistance shows a cusp-like behavior in the low magnetic field region, suggesting the presence of weak antilocalization effect for temperatures less than 100~K. The Hall measurements reveal that predominant charge carriers are $p$-type, exhibiting a linear behavior at high fields. The magnetoconductance of CaAgBi is analysed based on the modified Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka (HLN) model. Our first-principle calculations within a density-functional theory framework reveal that the Fermi surface of CaAgBi consists of both the electron and hole pockets and the size of the hole pocket is much larger than electron pockets suggesting the dominant $p$-type carriers in accordance with our experimental results.
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