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Biotransformation and toxicity evaluation of functionalized manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles.
The oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals, naturally present in the subsurface, is one of the major pathways of arsenic mobilization. This study investigates the release and fate of arsenic from arsenopyrite and löllingite oxidation under dynamic redox conditions. We performed multidimensional flow-through experiments focusing on the impact of chemical heterogeneity on arsenic mobilization and reactive transport. In the experimental setups the As-bearing sulfide minerals were embedded, with different concentrations and spatial distributions, into a sandy matrix under anoxic conditions. Oxic water flushed in the flow-through setups triggered the oxidative dissolution of the reactive minerals, the release of arsenic, as well as changes in pore water chemistry, surface-solution interactions and mineral precipitation. We developed a reactive transport model to quantitatively interpret the experimental results. The simulation outcomes showed that 40% of the arsenic released was reincorporated into a freshly precipitated iron-arsenate phase that created a coating on the mineral surface limiting the dissolution reactions. The faster dissolution rate of löllingite compared to arsenopyrite was responsible for sustaining the continuous release of As-contaminated plumes. The model also allowed shedding light on the spatial distribution, on the temporal dynamics, and on the interactions between arsenic sources (As-bearing minerals) and sinks (freshly formed secondary phases) in flow-through systems.Natural ferric ochres that precipitate in streambeds at abandoned mining sites are natural scavengers of various metals and metalloids. Thus, their chemical and structural modification via microbial activity should be considered in evaluation of the risks emerging from probable spread of contamination at mining sites. Our results highlight the role of various aspergilli strains in this process via production of acidic metabolites that affect mobility and bioavailability of coprecipitated contaminants. The Mössbauer analysis revealed subtle structural changes of iron in ochres, while the elemental analysis of non-dissolved residues of ochres that were exposed to filamentous fungi suggest coinciding bioextraction of arsenic and antimony with extensive iron mobilisation. However, the zinc bioextraction by filamentous fungi is less likely dependent on iron leaching from ferric ochres. The strain specific bioextraction efficiency and subsequent bioaccumulation of mobilised metals resulted in distinct tolerance responses among the studied soil fungal strains. However, regardless the burden of bioextracted metal(loid)s on its activity, the Aspergillus niger strain has shown remarkable capability to decrease pH of its environment and, thus, bioextract significant and environmentally relevant amounts of potentially toxic elements from the natural ochres.Microplastics are ubiquitous and persistent contaminants in the ocean and a pervasive and preventable threat to the health of marine ecosystems. Microplastics come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and plastic types, each with unique physical and chemical properties and toxicological impacts. Understanding the magnitude of the microplastic problem and determining the highest priorities for mitigation require accurate measures of microplastic occurrence in the environment and identification of likely sources. The field of microplastic pollution is in its infancy, and there are not yet widely accepted standards for sample collection, laboratory analyses, quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), or reporting of microplastics in environmental samples. Based on a comprehensive assessment of microplastics in San Francisco Bay water, sediment, fish, bivalves, stormwater, and wastewater effluent, we developed recommended best practices for collecting, analyzing, and reporting microplastics in environmental media. We recommend factors to consider in microplastic study design, particularly in regard to site selection and sampling methods. We also highlight the need for standard QA/QC practices such as collection of field and laboratory blanks, use of methods beyond microscopy to identify particle composition, and standardized reporting practices, including suggested vocabulary for particle classification.Widespread application of glyphosate poses a threat to living organisms. CDK phosphorylation Microbial strains are able to degrade glyphosate via contrasting metabolic pathways with the help of enzymes. Glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX) and C-P lyase are the key enzymes for the biodegradation of glyphosate and its intermediate metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in microbes. The microbial degradation of glyphosate has been reported, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, the interaction mechanism of GOX and C-P lyase with glyphosate and AMPA were investigated by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results indicate that glyphosate contacts with the active site of GOX and C-P lyase by hydrogen bonds as well as hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions in aqueous solution to maintain its stability. The presence of glyphosate and AMPA in the active site significantly changes the conformation of GOX and C-P lyase. The results of the MD simulations confirm that GOX and C-P lyase complexes are stable during the catalytic reaction. This study offers a molecular level of understanding of the expression and function of GOX and C-P lyase for the bioremediation of glyphosate.Sertraline (SER) is one of the most prevalent antidepressants detected in aquatic environments, but its impact on fish behavior and growth remain poorly understood. As such, behavior and growth were assessed in yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) following SER exposure. SER induced shoaling, reduced food consumption and growth, and increased cannibalism at environmentally relevant concentrations. To ascertain toxicity mechanisms, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and transcripts related to growth and feeding were measured. AChE activity was increased in fish exposed to 10 and 100 μg/L SER. Transcript levels of neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, growth hormone, and insulin growth factor 1 were reduced in the brain following SER exposure. RNA-seq conducted in brain and liver revealed that gene networks associated with feeding and growth (i.e. leptin expression networks in the brain and insulin signaling pathways in the liver) were altered, proposed to be associated with the decreased food intake and growth. The brain also accumulated SER, which may relate to neurobehavioral responses.
Here's my website: https://www.selleckchem.com/CDK.html
     
 
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