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40 ± 59.67 mm2 ). In comparison with contralateral EEA and Caldwell-Luc approach, the ETOA offered significantly greater angles of attack and shorter depth of surgical corridor (P less then 0.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS The ETOA is the superior choice for target lesion occupying multiple compartments with its epicenter located in the middle cranial fossa or superior portion of infratemporal fossa. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The neighboring effect of two adjacent heteroatoms influences the structures and properties of heterocyclic compounds. Herein, we demonstrated that the introduction of two adjacent sp2 nitrogen atoms into a porphyrinic skeleton significantly enhanced its Brønsted basicity due to the repulsive interaction between two lone pairs on the nitrogen atoms. Palladium-and copper-templated ring closure of dichlorobis(dipyrrin) with hydrazine hydrate provided meso-diazacorrphycene palladium and copper complexes in good yields. The structural, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of the diazacorrphycene complexes were investigated experimentally and theoretically to elucidate the effect of the meso-nitrogen atoms. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Typical surgical treatment for invasive thyroid carcinoma at the level of the cricoid substantially reduces surrounding cartilaginous support and risks damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). We present a novel tracheal reconstructive technique that minimizes this injury risk. A 72-year-old man with recurrent invasive thyroid carcinoma underwent cricotracheal resection and reconstruction using a stair-step approach. Diseased cartilage was removed by a left hemitracheal and hemicricoid resection. A portion of normal trachea was also resected on the contralateral right side, removing the third and fourth hemitracheal rings, to close the defect with a sliding tracheoplasty and avoid dissection near the right cricothyroid joint on the side of the functioning RLN. The trachea was elevated superiorly and reanastomosed to the cut margin of the cricoid. This novel stair-step approach to tracheal reconstruction offers reduced risk of injury to the contralateral RLN while still establishing a patent airway. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Worldwide Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic makes the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) more complicated, effective treatment without further dissemination is thus quite challenging. Recently, we successfully treated three representative AMI cases, by sharing these detailed procedures, we summarized some important issues including patient screening, reperfusion strategy selecting, personnel/catheter lab protection principle, as well as operation tactics, which may lend precious experience on AMI treating during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation. © 2020 The Authors. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.IMPORTANCE This is the largest Gram-negative endophthalmitis specific series and provides important evidence to guide management. BACKGROUND Endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening emergency. Gram-negative infections are associated with poorer visual outcomes; however, there is limited literature pertaining to this uncommon condition. DESIGN Prospective case series. PARTICIPANTS All patients presenting with endophthalmitis to a tertiary institution over a 20-year period. METHODS Data were collected prospectively and entered into a registry. Patients with microbiological evidence of Gram-negative infection were included in the analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Final visual acuity (VA), precipitating events, causative organisms, antibiotic sensitivity profiles and risk factors for poor visual outcomes were reported. RESULTS One hundred Gram-negative organisms were isolated in 97 eyes. Final VA was worse than 6/60 in 65 (67.0%) eyes at follow-up and 29 (29.9%) eyes were eviscerated or enucleated. Microbial keratitis (26.8%, n = 26) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.0%, n = 34) were the most common precipitating event and causative organism, respectively. Eight (8.0%) isolates were third-generation cephalosporin resistant; of which, 7 (88.0%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Preceding microbial keratitis (OR = 13.16, P = .015) or P. aeruginosa infections (OR = 3.40, P = .045) were strongly associated with poorer visual outcomes (worse than 6/60). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Visual outcomes following Gram-negative endophthalmitis are extremely poor, with almost 30% of patients being eviscerated or enucleated. A majority of ceftazidime resistant organisms are sensitive to ciprofloxacin, providing evidence to support the empirical use of quinolones. Clinicians should be mindful that infections secondary to P. aeruginosa or microbial keratitis carry a particularly poor prognosis. ABBV-2222 mouse © 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists.Boronic acid catalysis has emerged as a mild method for promoting a wide variety of reactions. It has been proposed that the mode of catalysis involves Lewis acid or covalent activation of hydroxyl groups by boron, but limited mechanistic evidence exists. Here, we reinvestigate representative boronic acid-catalyzed reactions of alcohols and oximes. We interpret a series of control experiments with boronic and Brønsted acids along with correlations between their reactivity and their acidity measured by the Gutmann-Beckett method. Overall, we conclude that the major modes of catalysis involve either dual H-bond catalysis or Brønsted acid catalysis. We show that strong Brønsted acids are generated in situ from covalent assembly of the boronic acids with hexafluoroisopropanol, explaining why the solvent had such a major impact on the reactivity. This new insight should guide the future development of boronic acid catalysis, where the diverse and solvent-specific nature of catalytic modes has been overlooked. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.In the search for highly reactive oxidants we have identified high-valent metal-fluorides as a potential potent oxidant. The high-valent Ni-F complex [NiIII(F)(L)] (2, L = N,N'-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamidate) was prepared from [NiII(F)(L)]- (1) by oxidation with selectfluor. 1 and 2 were characterized using 1H/19F NMR, UV-vis, and EPR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. 2 was found to be a highly reactive oxidant in the oxidation of hydrocarbons. Kinetic data and products analysis demonstrate a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism of oxidation. The rate constant determined for the oxidation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene (k2 = 29 M-1s-1) compared favourably with the most reactive high-valent metallo-oxidants. 2 displayed reactions rates 2000-4500-fold enhanced with respect to [NiIII(Cl)(L)]. 2 also displayed high kinetic isotope effect values. Oxidative hydrocarbon and phosphine fluorination was achieved. Our results provide an interesting direction in designing catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation and fluorination.
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