Notes

Using real-time PCR as an option to traditional genotyping methods for the particular clinical recognition associated with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV).
The tool reduced the technical difficulty and improved the efficacy of this minimally invasive operation. © 2020 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.The imbalance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants is considered to be an important factor in the cellular injury of the inner ear. At present, great attention has been placed on oxidative stress. However, little is known about fighting oxidative stress. In the current study, we evaluated antioxidant-induced cochlear damage by applying several different additional antioxidants. To determine whether excessive antioxidants can cause damage to cochlear cells, we treated cochlear explants with 50 μM M40403, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, 50 μM coenzyme Q-10, a vitamin-like antioxidant, or 50 μM d-methionine, an essential amino acid and the important antioxidant glutathione for 48 h. Control cochlear explants without the antioxidant treatment maintained their normal structures after incubation in the standard serum-free medium for 48 h, indicating the maintenance of the inherent oxidative and antioxidant balance in these cochlear explants. In contrast, M40403 and coenzyme Q-10-treated cochlear explants displayed significant hair cell damage together with slight damage to the auditory nerve fibers. Moreover, d-methiodine-treated explants exhibited severe damage to the surface structure of hair cells and the complete loss of the spiral ganglion neurons and their peripheral fibers. These results indicate that excessive antioxidants are detrimental to cochlear cells, suggesting that inappropriate dosages of antioxidant treatments can interrupt the balance of the inherent oxidative and antioxidant capacity in the cell. © 2019 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.Background Tympanomastoid paragangliomas are usually benign, slowly growing, painless tumors. find more The common presenting symptoms of this tumor are pulsatile tinnitus and conductive hearing loss. Vertigo as the cardinal or initial symptom is extremely are, especially in the early stages of the disease. Case presentation A 53-year-old female patient presented only with intermittent recurrent vertigo and was later found to have a tympanomastoid paraganglioma. Her symptoms disappeared completely after resection of the tumor. This is the first report in literature of a case of tympanomastoid paraganglioma with vertigo as the single symptom. Conclusion The tympanomastoid paraganglioma is rare and its clinical symptoms are nonspecific, so it is easy to be misdiagnosed or missed. It is worth noting that although clinically uncommon, vertigo can also be the first or sole symptom of tympanomastoid paraganglioma. Detailed physical examination and imaging examination of the ear are necessary and should be carried out meticulously. © 2019 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.Objectives This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic ear surgery (EES). Method Pubmed, Google and the Proquest Central Database at Kırıkkale University were queried using the keywords "endoscopic ear surgery", "ear surgery" and "endoscopy" to identify the literature needed for the review. Results Endoscopes allow for enhanced surgical visualisation. The distal part of the apparatus is illuminated and contains lenses angled to allow a wider view of the operative area. Transcanal endoscopic techniques have transformed the external ear canal (EAC) into an operative gateway. The benefits EES can offer include wider views, enhanced imaging capabilities and increased magnification, and ways to see otherwise poorly visualisable portions of the middle ear. EES permits surgeons to operate using minimally invasive otological techniques. When compared with microscope-assisted surgery, endoscopic tympanoplasty has been shown to require a shorter operating time in some instances. There are a number of drawbacks to EES, however, which include the fact that it is a single-handed technique, that the light source may produce thermal injury and that visualisation using the endoscope is severely curtailed if bleeding is profuse. Conclusion EES is a safe and effective technique. The current literature supports the idea that the results achieved by endoscopic methods are usually comparably beneficial to results obtained using conventional microscopic methods. © 2019 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.Pediatric cholesteatoma occurs in one of two forms congenital cholesteatoma, developing from embryonic epidermal cell rests or acquired cholesteatoma, associated with a focal defect in the tympanic membrane. This disease has been traditionally managed with the operating microscope, often requiring mastoidectomy for adequate visualization of and access to the middle ear and mastoid cavities. Recently, advances in endoscopic equipment have enabled otologists to manage most cases of pediatric cholesteatoma via a minimally-invasive, transcanal endoscopic approach. This review discusses the current literature relating to the etiopathogenesis, assessment and endoscopic management of pediatric cholesteatoma. Early outcomes of endoscopic treatment, emerging trends and technologies are also reviewed. © 2018 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.Endoscopic ear surgery (EES) is an exciting, rapidly developing and innovative field of otologic surgery. Technically and conceptually, EES is a significant departure from traditional microscopic transcanal approaches to the middle ear and canal that has shown very positive results with respect to patient outcomes. This review serves as a primer for the otologist and otology resident embarking on EES and discusses the theory surrounding the learning process, the optical chain for endoscopic surgery as well as other important underlying principles. © 2018 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.
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